Question 1

Which type of cartilage is most abundant in the human body and forms the articular surfaces of long bones?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage

Question 2

A patient suffers a fracture in the shaft of the femur. During healing, which is the correct sequence of events?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma, Fibrocartilaginous callus, Bony callus, Bone remodeling

Question 3

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of hydroxyapatites in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They are responsible for bone hardness

Question 5

A muscle fiber is unable to relax after contraction. Which molecule is most likely deficient, and why?

Accepted Answer

ATP, because it is required to release the actin-myosin cross bridge

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why white matter appears white in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of myelinated axons

Question 7

During endochondral ossification, cavitation of hyaline cartilage occurs to:

Accepted Answer

Create the medullary cavity

Question 8

Which enzyme is essential for the mineralization of bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Alkaline phosphatase

Question 9

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for fractures because:

Accepted Answer

Bone resorption outpaces bone deposition

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases calcium ions

Question 11

Which neuroglia cell is responsible for forming the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Astrocyte

Question 12

A patient is unable to move their muscles voluntarily but still has involuntary muscle contractions. Which nervous system division is most likely still functioning?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Question 13

Which of the following best describes saltatory conduction?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump from node to node along myelinated axons

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It is negative 70

Question 15

Which of the following best explains the process of rigor mortis?

Accepted Answer

ATP is depleted, preventing the release of actin-myosin cross bridges

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct order of the epiphyseal plate zones from the epiphysis to the diaphysis?

Accepted Answer

Proliferation zone, Transformation zone, Ossification zone

Question 17

Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to initiate muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 18

Which cell type would you find in a lacuna of an osteon?

Accepted Answer

Osteocyte

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of Schwann cells?

Accepted Answer

Produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system

Question 20

A ligand-gated channel will open in response to:

Accepted Answer

The binding of a chemical messenger

Anatomy and Physiology I: Skeletal, Muscular, and Nervous Systems Study Guide

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