Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy is the study of structure, and physiology is the study of function; structure often determines function.

Question 2

A scientist observes that a certain hormone increases heart rate. She proposes that this hormone acts directly on cardiac muscle cells. What scientific term best describes her proposal?

Accepted Answer

Hypothesis

Question 3

Which of the following lists the levels of human structure from most complex to simplest?

Accepted Answer

Organism – Organ System – Organ – Tissue – Cell – Organelle – Molecule – Atom

Question 4

Which process is central to physiology and involves automatic self-regulating feedback loops to maintain internal stability?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis

Question 5

A patient is unable to maintain homeostasis. Which of the following is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Illness, disease, disorder, or death

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Body temperature regulation: shivering when cold to increase temperature

Question 7

Which directional term describes a structure that is closer to the head?

Accepted Answer

Cephalic

Question 8

Water is essential to life due to several properties. Which property allows water to absorb large amounts of heat without a significant rise in temperature?

Accepted Answer

High specific heat

Question 9

Given an atom with 11 protons and 12 neutrons, what is its mass number?

Accepted Answer

$$23$$

Question 10

Which type of chemical bond involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 11

Which macromolecule is characterized by a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 12

Which process forms macromolecules by removing a molecule of water?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 13

Which functional group is unique to amino acids and determines their chemical properties?

Accepted Answer

R group

Question 14

A protein loses its three-dimensional shape due to high temperature. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 15

Which organelle is responsible for making an mRNA copy of DNA during transcription?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 16

During translation, which molecule delivers amino acids to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 17

Which transport process requires ATP and moves substances from low to high concentration?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 18

A red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Swell and possibly burst (hemolysis)

Question 19

Which stage of mitosis is characterized by chromosomes lining up at the cell's equator?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 20

A cell undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have compared to the original cell?

Accepted Answer

Half the number of the original cell

Anatomy & Physiology I: Study Guide for Test 1 (Chapters 1–3)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards