Anatomy & Physiology I: Syllabus and Core Competencies Study Guide

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Anatomy & Physiology I: Syllabus and Core Competencies

Course Overview

This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the gross and microscopic anatomy and physiology of the human body. It covers the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, special senses, endocrine, circulatory, lymphatic, immune, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. Students will learn anatomical terminology, the structure and function of major organ systems, and laboratory techniques including microscopy, dissection, and physiological measurement.

Core Abilities

Demonstrate effective and critical thinking: Ability to analyze and evaluate information using scientific methods.
Use technology effectively: Proficiency in using laboratory equipment such as microscopes.
Work cooperatively: Ability to collaborate with peers in laboratory and group assignments.

Course Competencies

Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:

Apply anatomical and directional terminology to the human body.
Compare chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, and organ-system levels of organization.
Explain negative-feedback control mechanisms for homeostasis.
Characterize major tissue types, their location and functions.
Summarize structure and function of the integumentary system.
Compare anatomical structures, shape, and markings of bones of the axial and appendicular skeletons.
Classify different types of joints and their movements.
Summarize organization of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves in the nervous system.
Outline steps associated with generation and propagation of nerve impulses.
Explain function of the autonomic nervous system.
Explain structure and function of the special senses.
Describe structure and function of the endocrine system.
Compare mechanisms of hormonal action associated with surface and intracellular receptors.
Characterize structure and function of the cellular and non-cellular components of blood.
Compare the ABO and Rh blood types and their compatibilities.
Explain structure and function of the heart and the events of the cardiac cycle.
Describe conduction system of the heart in electrocardiography.
Differentiate between different types of blood vessels and their functions.
Relate the examination of the vessels involved in regulation of blood pressure and blood flow.
Outline blood flow in the blood vessels of the pulmonary and systemic circulations.
Determine respiratory volumes and lung capacities.
Analyze exchange and transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood.
Explain structure and function of the digestive system.
Compare process of renal filtration, reabsorption, and secretion in the formation of urine.
Analyze mechanisms of regulation of water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance.
Summarize structure and function of the male and female reproductive systems.
Explain hormonal control of gametogenesis and gonadogenesis.
Delineate stages of human development.

Key Terms and Definitions

Anatomical Terminology: Standardized language used to describe locations and relationships of body parts.
Homeostasis: The maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body.
Negative Feedback: A control mechanism that reduces the output or activity of any organ or system back to its normal range of functioning.
Integumentary System: The organ system that includes skin, hair, nails, and associated glands.
Axial Skeleton: The part of the skeleton that consists of the bones of the head and trunk.
Appendicular Skeleton: The portion of the skeleton that includes the limbs and girdles.
Autonomic Nervous System: The part of the nervous system responsible for control of bodily functions not consciously directed, such as breathing and heartbeat.
Endocrine System: The collection of glands that produce hormones regulating metabolism, growth, and development.
Blood Types: Classification of blood based on the presence or absence of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances.
Cardiac Cycle: The sequence of events in one heartbeat.
Electrocardiography (ECG): A test that measures the electrical activity of the heart.
Renal Filtration: The process by which the kidneys filter blood, removing waste and excess substances.
Gametes: Reproductive cells (sperm and egg).

Example: Negative Feedback in Homeostasis

When body temperature rises above normal, receptors in the skin and brain detect the change.
The hypothalamus (control center) activates mechanisms such as sweating and vasodilation to cool the body.
Once temperature returns to normal, these mechanisms are reduced or stopped.

Sample Table: Blood Types and Compatibility

Blood Type	Can Donate To	Can Receive From
A	A, AB	A, O
B	B, AB	B, O
AB	AB	A, B, AB, O
O	A, B, AB, O	O

Important Equations

Blood Pressure:
Cardiac Output:
Respiratory Volume:

Laboratory Component

Microscopy: Identification of cells and tissues.
Dissection: Examination of preserved specimens and anatomical models.
Physiological Measurement: Blood pressure, heart rate, and other vital signs.

Textbook and Resources

Textbook: "Human Anatomy and Physiology" 3rd Edition by Amerman (2024).
Lab Manual: Laboratory Manual for Anatomy and Physiology, Amerman (2024).
Required Supplies: Colored pencils, Lab Coats, Safety Goggles.

Assessment Methods

Quizzes and Tests
Papers and Presentations
Lab Exercises and Projects

Academic Integrity

Cheating and plagiarism are strictly prohibited.
All assignments must be original and properly cited.
Violations may result in a grade of zero or further disciplinary action.

Additional Info

Students are expected to study at least two hours outside of class for each hour in class.
Attendance and participation are essential for success.