Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the lymphatic system in relation to the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

It returns leaked plasma proteins and interstitial fluid back to the blood, preventing edema.

Question 2

A patient has a genetic defect that prevents the formation of surfactant in the lungs. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Increased surface tension in alveoli leading to alveolar collapse during exhalation.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the spleen is correct?

Accepted Answer

The white pulp contains lymphatic tissue that filters pathogens and houses immune cells.

Question 4

A person is exposed to a novel virus. Which immune response is primarily responsible for the rapid production of antibodies upon a second exposure to the same virus?

Accepted Answer

Immunological memory provided by memory B cells.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why IgG is the most abundant antibody in the blood and can cross the placenta?

Accepted Answer

IgG is a monomer that constitutes about 80% of all antibodies and can cross the placenta to provide passive immunity to the fetus.

Question 6

A patient with a blocked thoracic duct would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Edema in the lower limbs and left side of the body due to impaired lymph drainage.

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of carbon dioxide for transport in the blood?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{CO_2} + \mathrm{H_2O} \leftrightarrow \mathrm{H_2CO_3} \leftrightarrow \mathrm{H^+} + \mathrm{HCO_3^-} $$

Question 8

According to Boyle’s Law, what happens to the pressure in the thoracic cavity during inhalation?

Accepted Answer

Thoracic volume increases, causing alveolar pressure to decrease below atmospheric pressure.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the Bohr effect in hemoglobin oxygen transport?

Accepted Answer

As pH decreases (more acidic), hemoglobin releases oxygen more readily.

Question 10

A patient is unable to absorb vitamin B12 despite adequate dietary intake. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Lack of intrinsic factor production by parietal cells in the stomach.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence of airflow through the respiratory tract during inhalation?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cavity → pharynx → larynx → trachea → primary bronchi → secondary bronchi → tertiary bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why fats are absorbed into the lymphatic system rather than directly into the blood?

Accepted Answer

Fats are packaged into chylomicrons, which are too large to enter blood capillaries and instead enter lacteals.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of the hepatic portal vein?

Accepted Answer

It carries nutrient-rich, oxygen-poor blood from the small intestine to the liver for processing.

Question 14

A patient has a mutation that prevents the formation of MHC-I proteins. Which immune function would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Activation of cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) to destroy infected or cancerous cells.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of peristalsis in the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Coordinated contraction of circular and longitudinal smooth muscle to propel food along the GI tract.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of water and formation of feces.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of complement proteins in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

They enhance immune function by promoting phagocytosis and cell lysis.

Question 18

A person inhales deeply and then exhales forcefully. Which muscles are primarily responsible for forced exhalation?

Accepted Answer

Internal intercostals and abdominal muscles.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the left lung is smaller than the right lung?

Accepted Answer

The left lung has a cardiac notch to accommodate the heart.

Anatomy and Physiology II: Lymphatic, Immune, Respiratory, and Digestive Systems Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards