Q: Which of the following is the correct formula for mean arterial pressure ($$MAP$$)?

$$MAP = \text{Diastolic Pressure} + \frac{1}{3}(\text{Pulse Pressure})$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between arteries and veins in terms of blood flow direction?

Accepted Answer

Arteries carry blood away from the heart, veins carry blood toward the heart.

Question 2

Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow through the heart, starting from the right atrium?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta

Question 3

Which of the following valves prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium?

Accepted Answer

Mitral (bicuspid) valve

Question 4

A patient has a blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg. What is their pulse pressure?

Accepted Answer

$$50 	ext{ mmHg}$$

Question 5

Which formula correctly calculates cardiac output ($$CO$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 6

If a person’s stroke volume ($$SV) is$$ $$70 	ext{ mL}$$ and their heart rate ($$HR) is$$ $$75 	ext{ bpm}$$, what is their cardiac output ($$CO$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = 5250 	ext{ mL/min}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains the Frank-Starling law of the heart?

Accepted Answer

The greater the stretch of cardiac muscle fibers, the stronger the contraction.

Question 8

Which of the following is a major function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Returning excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream

Question 9

Which of the following substances is NOT a vasoconstrictor?

Accepted Answer

Nitric oxide

Question 10

A patient is experiencing edema in their lower limbs. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Decreased plasma protein concentration

Question 11

Which equation best represents the relationship between blood flow ($$F$$), pressure difference ($$\Delta P$$), and resistance ($$R$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$F = \Delta P \div R$$

Question 12

Which of the following is the primary mechanism for transporting carbon dioxide in the blood?

Accepted Answer

As bicarbonate ions ($$HCO_3$$^-$$)

Question 13

During exercise, which of the following changes occurs in the cardiovascular system to meet increased oxygen demand?

Accepted Answer

Increased cardiac output

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the Bohr effect?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin releases oxygen more readily at lower pH.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of the sinoatrial (SA) node?

Accepted Answer

It initiates the electrical impulse that sets the pace of the heartbeat.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why capillaries are the primary site of exchange between blood and tissues?

Accepted Answer

They have thin walls and a large surface area.

Question 17

A patient’s arterial $$P_{O_2$} is$$ $$100 	ext{ mmHg}$$ and venous $$P_{O_2$} is$$ $$40 	ext{ mmHg}. $$What is the oxygen content difference between arterial and venous blood?

Accepted Answer

$$60 	ext{ mmHg}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct formula for mean arterial pressure ($$MAP$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = 	ext{Diastolic Pressure} + \frac{1}{3}(	ext{Pulse Pressure})$$

Question 19

Which of the following would most likely increase peripheral resistance?

Accepted Answer

Vasoconstriction

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of surfactant in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

It decreases surface tension to prevent collapse.

Anatomy & Physiology II: Study Guide for Exam 2

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