Q: Which equation describes the calculation of total number of phalanges in both hands, given that each finger has 3 phalanges except the thumb (pollex) which has 2?

$$\text{Total} = (4 \times 3) + (1 \times 2) = 14$$ per hand; $$14 \times 2 = 28$$ total

Q: Which equation best represents the calculation of the total number of bones in the adult human skeleton?

$$\text{Total} = 80 + 126 = 206$$

Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the principle of complementarity between structure and function in the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

The compact bone in the diaphysis of long bones provides strength to withstand compressive forces.

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in the distal epiphysis of the femur. Which structures are most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Articular cartilage and spongy bone

Question 3

Which equation best represents the relationship between muscle force ($$F$$), lever arm length ($$r$$), and torque ($$	au) at a $$joint?

Accepted Answer

$$	au = F 	imes r$$

Question 4

Which joint allows for the greatest range of motion and is classified as a multiaxial synovial joint?

Accepted Answer

Hip (ball and socket)

Question 5

During elbow flexion, which muscle acts as the primary agonist, and which bone serves as the insertion point?

Accepted Answer

Biceps brachii; radius

Question 6

Which movement occurs at the ankle joint when you stand on your toes, and which muscle is primarily responsible?

Accepted Answer

Plantarflexion; gastrocnemius

Question 7

A histology slide shows striated muscle fibers with intercalated discs. Which tissue is being observed, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle; pumps blood throughout the body

Question 8

Which bone is part of the axial skeleton and contains a sinus?

Accepted Answer

Frontal bone

Question 9

Which equation describes the calculation of total number of phalanges in both hands, given that each finger has 3 phalanges except the thumb (pollex) which has 2?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Total} = (4 	imes 3) + (1 	imes 2) = 14$$ per hand; $$14 	imes 2 = 28$$ total

Question 10

Which joint structure is responsible for reducing friction between tendons and bones during movement?

Accepted Answer

Bursa

Question 11

A patient with osteoarthritis has degeneration of which joint structure, leading to pain and decreased mobility?

Accepted Answer

Articular cartilage

Question 12

Which muscle is responsible for abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint?

Accepted Answer

Deltoid

Question 13

Which bone marking is found at the site of muscle attachment and is typically raised or roughened?

Accepted Answer

Tuberosity

Question 14

Which equation best represents the calculation of the total number of bones in the adult human skeleton?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Total} = 80 + 126 = 206$$

Question 15

Which movement is described by turning the palm upward, and which joint allows this movement?

Accepted Answer

Supination; proximal radioulnar joint

Question 16

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for extension of the knee, and what is their insertion point?

Accepted Answer

Quadriceps femoris; patellar tendon

Question 17

Which tissue type is characterized by cells embedded in a mineralized matrix and is responsible for structural support?

Accepted Answer

Osseous tissue

Question 18

Which joint is formed by the articulation of the ilium, ischium, and pubis, and what is its structural classification?

Accepted Answer

Hip (coxal); synovial ball and socket

Question 19

Which muscle is responsible for flexion of the forearm at the elbow, and what is its origin?

Accepted Answer

Biceps brachii; scapula

Question 20

Which structure separates the A band from the I band in a sarcomere, and what is its function?

Accepted Answer

Z disc; anchors actin filaments

Anatomy & Physiology Lab Exam 2 Study Guide: Skeletal System, Joints, and Muscles

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards