Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of lymphatic capillaries in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They collect excess interstitial fluid from tissues and return it to the venous circulation.

Question 2

A patient has a blockage in the right lymphatic duct. Which of the following regions would most likely experience edema as a result?

Accepted Answer

Right arm

Question 3

Which of the following is a unique structural feature of lymphatic capillaries that allows them to absorb large molecules and pathogens from the interstitial space?

Accepted Answer

Overlapping endothelial cells that function as one-way mini-valves

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why lymph flow is unidirectional and slow compared to blood flow?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic vessels have valves and rely on skeletal muscle contraction and respiratory movements to propel lymph.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymph nodes?

Accepted Answer

Production of erythrocytes

Question 6

A patient with a splenectomy (removal of the spleen) is at increased risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Increased susceptibility to bacterial infections

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) proteins in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

They present antigen fragments to T cells, enabling recognition of self and non-self.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the inflammatory response to tissue injury?

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, phagocyte migration, tissue repair

Question 9

A patient is exposed to a pathogen for the first time. Which of the following best describes the primary immune response?

Accepted Answer

It is slower and produces fewer antibodies than the secondary response.

Question 10

Which antibody class is most abundant in plasma and is responsible for secondary immune responses?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 11

A patient with HIV develops AIDS due to the destruction of which specific immune cell type?

Accepted Answer

Helper T cells (CD4+)

Question 12

Which of the following best describes Boyle's Law as it applies to pulmonary ventilation?

Accepted Answer

The pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume: $$P_1$$ $$V_1$$ = $$P_2$$ $$V_2$$

Question 13

During inspiration, which of the following events occurs to allow air to enter the lungs?

Accepted Answer

The diaphragm contracts, decreasing intrapulmonary pressure below atmospheric pressure.

Question 14

A patient with chronic bronchitis has difficulty exhaling air from the lungs. Which of the following best describes the type of pulmonary disease present?

Accepted Answer

Obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between oxygen, hemoglobin, and oxyhemoglobin in the blood?

Accepted Answer

$$Hb + O_2$ \rightleftharpoons $$HbO_2$$

Question 16

Which of the following best explains the chloride shift in red blood cells during CO$$_2$$ transport?

Accepted Answer

Chloride ions move into red blood cells as bicarbonate ions move out to maintain electrical neutrality.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the effect of hypercapnia on the respiratory centers in the brain?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates chemoreceptors, increasing the rate and depth of breathing.

Question 18

A climber at high altitude experiences increased ventilation and a decrease in arterial CO$$_2. $$Which of the following best explains this physiological response?

Accepted Answer

Hyperventilation in response to low atmospheric oxygen (hypoxia)

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the partial pressure of a gas in a mixture?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{gas} = F_{gas} 	imes P_{total}$$

Question 20

A patient is experiencing respiratory acidosis. Which of the following is most likely occurring in their body?

Accepted Answer

Increased CO$$_2$$ levels and decreased blood pH

Anatomy & Physiology: Lymphatic, Immune, and Respiratory Systems Study Guide

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