Q: During muscle contraction, which equation correctly represents the breakdown of ATP to release energy?

$$ \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + \text{energy} $$

Q: Which equation best represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion across a membrane?

$$ E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[\text{ion}]_{\text{outside}}}{[\text{ion}]_{\text{inside}}} \right) $$

Question 1

Which of the following best defines a motor unit in skeletal muscle physiology?

Accepted Answer

A group of muscle fibers innervated by a single motor neuron

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a way ATP is regenerated during skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis of glycogen into glucose without enzyme involvement

Question 3

During muscle contraction, which equation correctly represents the breakdown of ATP to release energy?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy} $$

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between smooth and skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle contraction is rapid and forceful, while smooth muscle contraction is slow and sustained

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Generating and transmitting electrical impulses

Question 6

Which structure is responsible for integrating sensory information and coordinating voluntary motor output in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrum

Question 7

A patient presents with loss of fine motor control and balance. Which brain region is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Question 8

Which of the following correctly describes the propagation of an action potential along a neuron?

Accepted Answer

The action potential is regenerated at each node of Ranvier in myelinated axons

Question 9

Which equation best represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$ E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{outside}}}{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{inside}}} ight) $$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelinated axons allow for saltatory conduction, where action potentials jump between nodes of Ranvier

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the meninges of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Regulating blood pressure in the brain

Question 12

A patient suffers damage to the medulla oblongata. Which function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of heart rate and breathing

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of the dendrites in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Receive incoming signals from other neurons

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the generation of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization

Question 15

Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for stimulating skeletal muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 16

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the brain stem?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Question 17

Which equation best represents the relationship between membrane potential and ion concentration gradients according to the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation?

Accepted Answer

$$ V_m = \frac{RT}{F} \ln \left( \frac{P_{K^+}[K^+]_{	ext{out}} + P_{Na^+}[Na^+]_{	ext{out}} + P_{Cl^-}[Cl^-]_{	ext{in}}}{P_{K^+}[K^+]_{	ext{in}} + P_{Na^+}[Na^+]_{	ext{in}} + P_{Cl^-}[Cl^-]_{	ext{out}}} ight) $$

Question 18

A patient is unable to form new memories after a traumatic brain injury. Which brain region is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the thalamus?

Accepted Answer

Acts as a relay station for sensory information to the cerebral cortex

Anatomy & Physiology: Nervous System and Muscle Physiology Study Guide

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