Question 1

Which neuroglial cell is primarily responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 2

A patient presents with symptoms of muscle weakness and impaired nerve conduction. MRI reveals demyelination in the CNS. Which disease is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Question 3

During an action potential, which ion is primarily responsible for depolarization, and in which direction does it move?

Accepted Answer

Na$$^+$$ moves into the cell

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of the Na$$^+/K$^+$$ pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It pumps Na$$^+$$ out of the cell and K$$^+$$ into the cell using ATP

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE regarding saltatory conduction?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump from one Node of Ranvier to the next

Question 6

A nerve fiber classified as 'A fiber' is most likely to:

Accepted Answer

Conduct impulses rapidly and be myelinated

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the refractory period is correct?

Accepted Answer

It prevents the neuron from generating another action potential during this time

Question 8

Which neurotransmitter is most commonly inhibitory in the brain, and is increased by medications like valium?

Accepted Answer

GABA

Question 9

A neuron receives multiple excitatory inputs at different locations on its dendrites simultaneously. This process is known as:

Accepted Answer

Spatial summation

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the 'all-or-none' principle of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Once threshold is reached, the action potential always occurs with the same magnitude

Question 11

Which cell type in the CNS is responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 12

A neuron has a resting membrane potential of $$-70\ 	ext{mV}. If an $$excitatory neurotransmitter causes an EPSP of $$+15\ 	ext{mV}$$, what is the new membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

$$-55\ 	ext{mV}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the myelin sheath?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing neurotransmitters

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between a nerve and a tract?

Accepted Answer

A tract is a bundle of axons in the CNS, while a nerve is a bundle of axons in the PNS

Question 15

Which scenario best illustrates the concept of temporal summation?

Accepted Answer

A neuron receives repeated inputs from the same presynaptic neuron in rapid succession

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the regeneration of neurons?

Accepted Answer

Neurons in the PNS can regenerate more easily than those in the CNS

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of microglia in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Providing immune defense and phagocytosis

Question 18

Which neurotransmitter is most commonly excitatory in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Question 19

A neuron is exposed to a toxin that blocks voltage-gated Na$$^+$$ channels. What is the most likely effect on the neuron's ability to generate an action potential?

Accepted Answer

The neuron will be unable to depolarize and generate an action potential

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the axon hillock in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It is the site where action potentials are initiated

Anatomy & Physiology: Nervous System Physiology Study Guide

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