Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the integrative function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Interpreting sensory input and deciding to move your hand away from a hot surface

Question 2

Which neuroglial cell is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 3

A patient suffers from multiple sclerosis, a disease that damages the myelin sheath in the CNS. Which of the following is a direct consequence of this demyelination?

Accepted Answer

Decreased ability to regenerate damaged axons

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between nuclei and ganglia?

Accepted Answer

Nuclei are clusters of neuron cell bodies in the CNS, while ganglia are in the PNS.

Question 5

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to neurons compared to most other cell types?

Accepted Answer

High metabolic rate and longevity

Question 6

Which type of axonal transport is responsible for moving neurotransmitter-containing vesicles from the cell body to the axon terminal?

Accepted Answer

Anterograde transport

Question 7

A nerve is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

A bundle of axons in the PNS

Question 8

Which of the following statements about myelinated and unmyelinated fibers is correct?

Accepted Answer

Myelinated fibers allow for saltatory conduction, increasing impulse speed.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of the outer collar of perinuclear cytoplasm (neurilemma) in the PNS?

Accepted Answer

It assists in the regeneration of damaged axons.

Question 10

Which neuroglial cell type lines the ventricles of the brain and helps circulate cerebrospinal fluid?

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cell

Question 11

A patient presents with a loss of sensation in the skin of their right hand. Which functional division of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic sensory division

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding white and gray matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

White matter is composed mainly of myelinated axons.

Question 13

Which structural classification of neurons is most commonly found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neurons

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and regulating the blood-brain barrier

Question 15

A researcher is studying the movement of growth factors from the axon terminal back to the cell body. Which type of axonal transport is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Retrograde transport

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of microglial cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Acting as immune defense cells by phagocytizing debris

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a tract in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A bundle of axons in the CNS

Question 18

Which of the following is a functional classification of neurons that carries impulses from receptors to the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Sensory (afferent) neurons

Question 19

A person touches a sharp object and quickly withdraws their hand. Which sequence best represents the flow of information in the nervous system during this reflex?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neuron → interneuron → motor neuron

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why damage to a peripheral nerve may heal, but damage to a tract in the CNS usually does not?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes in the CNS lack a neurilemma, preventing axonal regeneration.

Anatomy & Physiology: Nervous System Study Guide

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