$$CO = 75 \times 70 = 5250\,mL/min$$

Question 1

Which layer of the heart wall is responsible for the contractile force that pumps blood throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Myocardium

Question 2

During ventricular systole, which valves are closed to prevent backflow of blood into the atria?

Accepted Answer

Atrioventricular (AV) valves

Question 3

A patient has a blockage in the right coronary artery. Which area of the heart is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium

Question 4

What is the correct sequence of electrical conduction in the heart?

Accepted Answer

SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Bundle branches → Purkinje fibers

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the chordae tendineae?

Accepted Answer

They prevent the AV valves from inverting into the atria during ventricular contraction.

Question 6

If the end-diastolic volume (EDV) is 120 mL and the end-systolic volume (ESV) is 50 mL, what is the stroke volume (SV)?

$$SV = EDV - ESV$$

Accepted Answer

$$SV = 120\,mL - 50\,mL = 70\,mL$$

Question 7

Which heart chamber receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins?

Accepted Answer

Left atrium

Question 8

A patient with a defect in the mitral valve would most likely experience backflow of blood into which chamber?

Accepted Answer

Left atrium

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the pericardial cavity is correct?

Accepted Answer

It contains serous fluid to reduce friction during heartbeats.

Question 10

During which phase of the cardiac cycle does the ventricular pressure exceed atrial pressure, causing the AV valves to close?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular systole

Question 11

Which structure acts as the heart’s natural pacemaker, initiating the electrical impulse for each heartbeat?

Accepted Answer

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why the left ventricle has a thicker wall than the right ventricle?

Accepted Answer

It pumps blood to the systemic circuit, which has higher resistance.

Question 13

Which event is responsible for the 'lub' (S1) sound heard during auscultation of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Closing of the AV valves

Question 14

A patient’s ECG shows an abnormal QRS complex. Which cardiac event is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular depolarization

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding blood flow through the heart?

Accepted Answer

Blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve.

Question 16

Which formula correctly calculates cardiac output (CO)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = SV 	imes HR$$

Question 17

If a patient’s heart rate (HR) is 75 beats per minute and their stroke volume (SV) is 70 mL, what is their cardiac output (CO)?

$$CO = SV 	imes HR$$

Accepted Answer

$$CO = 75 	imes 70 = 5250\,mL/min$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the coronary arteries?

Accepted Answer

They supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the cardiac cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

Blood flows from high to low pressure, controlled by timing of contractions and one-way valves.

Question 20

Which structure separates the left and right ventricles on the surface of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Anterior and posterior interventricular sulci

Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart: Structure, Blood Flow, and Function

Study Guide - Practice Questions