Q: According to Dalton’s Law, what is the total pressure of a gas mixture if the partial pressures of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide are 100 mmHg, 573 mmHg, and 47 mmHg, respectively?

$$P_{total} = 100 + 573 + 47 = 720\ \text{mmHg}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the nasal conchae in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area to filter, warm, and moisten incoming air.

Question 2

During inspiration, which of the following pressure changes occurs according to Boyle's Law?

Accepted Answer

Intrapulmonary pressure decreases as lung volume increases.

Question 3

A patient inhales deeply and forcibly. Which respiratory volume is being utilized beyond the normal tidal volume?

Accepted Answer

Inspiratory reserve volume

Question 4

Which of the following equations correctly represents Boyle's Law as it applies to pulmonary ventilation?

Accepted Answer

$$P_1$$ $$V_1$$ = $$P_2$$ $$V_2$$

Question 5

Which structure prevents food from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Soft palate

Question 6

According to Dalton’s Law, what is the total pressure of a gas mixture if the partial pressures of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide are 100 mmHg, 573 mmHg, and 47 mmHg, respectively?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{total} = 100 + 573 + 47 = 720\ 	ext{mmHg}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains the role of surfactant in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

It reduces surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse.

Question 8

A climber at high altitude experiences decreased arterial $$PO_2$$ and hemoglobin saturation. What physiological response helps compensate for this?

Accepted Answer

Increased erythropoietin production by the kidneys

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of the paranasal sinuses?

Accepted Answer

They serve as the primary site for gas exchange.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between the conducting and respiratory zones of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

The conducting zone filters, humidifies, and warms air, while the respiratory zone is the site of gas exchange.

Question 11

A patient with a collapsed alveolus would have an increase in which type of dead space?

Accepted Answer

Physiological dead space

Question 12

Which of the following statements about gas exchange in the alveoli is correct?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus into the blood, while carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveolus.

Question 13

Which neural structure is primarily responsible for setting the basic rhythm of respiration?

Accepted Answer

Dorsal respiratory group in the medulla oblongata

Question 14

According to Henry’s Law, the amount of oxygen dissolved in plasma is directly proportional to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The partial pressure of oxygen in alveolar air

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why alveolar air contains more $$CO_2$$ and water vapor and less $$O_2$$ than atmospheric air?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is absorbed into the blood and $$CO_2 is $$released from the blood into the alveoli.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct sequence of air passage from the nostrils to the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Nose → Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Bronchioles → Alveoli

Question 17

Which of the following is a protective mechanism of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Cilia in the trachea propel debris-laden mucus toward the pharynx.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the transport of carbon dioxide in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Most carbon dioxide is transported as bicarbonate ions in plasma.

Question 19

Which of the following changes occurs in the respiratory system with aging?

Accepted Answer

Vital capacity declines due to loss of lung elasticity.

Question 20

A patient is exercising vigorously. Which neural group becomes more active to increase pulmonary ventilation?

Accepted Answer

Ventral respiratory group in the medulla oblongata

Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System: Study Notes

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