Q: Which equation is used to estimate the extent of a burn in an adult patient?

The rule of nines: $$\text{Total Burn Area} = \sum \text{percentage assigned to each body region}$$

Question 1

Which layer of the epidermis is primarily responsible for the generation of new skin cells, and what would be the consequence if this layer were damaged?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale; new skin cells could not be generated, preventing skin regeneration.

Question 2

A patient presents with yellowing of the skin and eyes. Which pigment is responsible for this condition, and what is the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Bilirubin; compromised liver function leading to jaundice.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

They produce sweat for thermoregulation and excretion of salts.

Question 4

A third-degree burn is characterized by which of the following features?

Accepted Answer

Full-thickness destruction of the skin, often leading to circulatory shock and risk of infection.

Question 5

Which equation is used to estimate the extent of a burn in an adult patient?

Accepted Answer

The rule of nines: $$	ext{Total Burn Area} = \sum 	ext{percentage assigned to each body region}$$

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells.

Question 7

A patient with albinism lacks which enzyme, and what is the consequence for skin pigmentation?

Accepted Answer

Tyrosinase; inability to produce melanin resulting in very light skin.

Question 8

Which structure anchors the skin to underlying muscle and acts as a shock absorber and insulator?

Accepted Answer

Subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)

Question 9

During aging, which change in the skin is most likely to contribute to increased risk of infection?

Accepted Answer

Diminished immune response and slower skin repair.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why a severely burned patient may require thousands of calories daily?

Accepted Answer

To compensate for protein loss and the demands of tissue repair.

Question 11

Which type of skin cancer is most likely to metastasize and is considered the most dangerous?

Accepted Answer

Malignant melanoma.

Question 12

Which cells in the epidermis are responsible for immune defense?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic cells (Langerhans cells).

Question 13

A patient presents with red, swollen skin after exposure to an allergen. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Contact dermatitis.

Question 14

Which layer of the dermis contains the majority of sweat glands and pressure receptors?

Accepted Answer

Reticular layer.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the hair growth cycle?

Accepted Answer

Growth stage lasts for 2 to 6 years, followed by a resting stage of about 3 months.

Question 16

Which of the following is a scale-like modification of the epidermis and helps in grasping and manipulating small objects?

Accepted Answer

Nail.

Question 17

Which pigment is synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine in the presence of the enzyme tyrosinase?

Accepted Answer

Melanin.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of arrector pili muscles?

Accepted Answer

Causing hair to stand upright, producing 'goosebumps'.

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of the papillary layer of the dermis?

Accepted Answer

Contains dermal papillae, pain receptors, and touch receptors.

Question 20

A patient with vitiligo presents with which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Patchy loss of melanin resulting in white areas of skin.

Anatomy & Physiology of the Skin and Its Derivatives: Structure, Function, and Clinical Aspects

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