$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a cell?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a barrier between the cell and its external environment.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing muscle weakness due to a lack of ATP. Which process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Active transport across the plasma membrane

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide in cells?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct example of a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of glycogen into glucose molecules

Question 5

In the central reaction of energy metabolism, which equation correctly represents the breakdown of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism for maintaining homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Positive feedback

Question 7

A person with diabetes mellitus type 1 has high blood glucose because:

Accepted Answer

Insulin is absent

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in metabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy, speeding up reactions.

Question 9

Which structure is responsible for protein synthesis in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Forming a bilayer that separates cell contents from the environment

Question 11

Which of the following is true about the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why temperature and pH are important to protein structure?

Accepted Answer

They can disrupt hydrogen bonds and alter protein folding.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of a tight junction?

Accepted Answer

It prevents movement of substances between adjacent cells.

Question 14

Which of the following is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain (ETC) during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$

Question 15

Which of the following compartments contains the highest concentration of potassium ions in the body?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular fluid

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct example of a condensation reaction?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids with the release of water

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the Law of Mass Action in metabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

The rate of a reaction depends on the concentration of reactants and products.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and facilitating cell movement

Question 19

A patient with diabetes insipidus produces large amounts of dilute urine. What is the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Reduced ADH signaling

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of NAD$$^+ in $$cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It transfers electrons during oxidation-reduction reactions.

Anatomy & Physiology: Organization, Biomolecules, and Metabolism Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions