Question 1

Which of the following best describes homeostasis in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.

Question 2

A student draws a planetary diagram of a sodium atom. Which of the following correctly represents the number and placement of subatomic particles for sodium ($$Na) $$with atomic number 11 and mass number 23?

Accepted Answer

11 protons, 12 neutrons, 11 electrons; electrons arranged in shells: 2 in the first, 8 in the second, 1 in the third.

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct example of a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

The sharing of electron pairs between two nonmetal atoms, such as in $$H_2O.$$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains the selective permeability of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

The cell membrane allows certain molecules to pass while restricting others due to its phospholipid bilayer and embedded proteins.

Question 5

A patient is experiencing muscle spasms due to low calcium levels. Which tissue type is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle tissue

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for reactions, increasing the rate of chemical reactions.

Question 7

Which formula correctly represents the calculation of pH in a solution?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log_{10}[H^+]$$

Question 8

A cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell and why?

Accepted Answer

Water will enter the cell by osmosis, causing it to swell and possibly burst.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between primary and secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport uses ATP directly to move molecules against their concentration gradient, while secondary active transport uses the energy from the movement of another molecule down its gradient.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct description of the structure of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A bilayer of phospholipids with embedded proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates.

Question 11

Which tissue type is responsible for lining body cavities and forming glands?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue

Question 12

A biopsy reveals a tissue with striations, multiple nuclei per cell, and voluntary control. Which tissue type is this?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle tissue

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the basement membrane in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

It anchors the epithelium to underlying connective tissue and provides structural support.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct example of a negative feedback mechanism in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels by insulin and glucagon.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands secrete substances through ducts to an epithelial surface.

Question 16

A patient has a burn that affects the epidermis and part of the dermis. Which type of burn is this?

Accepted Answer

Second-degree burn

Question 17

Which of the following correctly describes the function of melanocytes in the skin?

Accepted Answer

Melanocytes produce melanin, which protects underlying tissues from UV radiation.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of the anatomical position?

Accepted Answer

Standing upright, facing forward, arms at the sides with palms facing forward.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains the difference between intracellular and extracellular fluids?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular fluid is found inside cells, while extracellular fluid is found outside cells, including plasma and interstitial fluid.

Anatomy & Physiology: Study Guide and Chapter Objectives (Chapters 1-5)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards