Q: A patient with multiple sclerosis is experiencing slowed nerve conduction. Which equation best represents the relationship between myelin and conduction velocity?

$v \propto \text{myelin thickness}$

Question 1

Which structure is labeled as 'A' in the diagram of the right hand, and what is its anatomical significance?

Accepted Answer

Distal phalanx V; it forms the tip of the little finger

Question 2

In the image showing three views of the coxal bone, which view is represented by image 3?

Accepted Answer

Medial view of the right coxal bone

Question 3

Which bone articulates with the labeled marking 'sacrum' on the coxal bone?

Accepted Answer

Sacrum

Question 4

What is the primary function of the myelin sheath in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To insulate axons and increase the speed of electrical impulse transmission

Question 5

Which cells produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 6

A patient presents with numbness and weakness in their limbs, along with vision loss. Which of the following is the most likely underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Loss of myelin sheaths

Question 7

Why does white matter in the central nervous system appear white?

Accepted Answer

It contains a large amount of myelinated fibers

Question 8

Which layer of connective tissue surrounds individual muscle fascicles?

Accepted Answer

Perimysium

Question 9

During muscle contraction, which part of the sarcomere does NOT change length?

Accepted Answer

A band

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between a synchondrosis and a synovial joint?

Accepted Answer

A synchondrosis is a cartilaginous joint with little or no movement, while a synovial joint is freely movable

Question 11

If the conduction velocity of a myelinated axon is $v_{myelinated}$ and that of an unmyelinated axon is $v_{unmyelinated}$, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

$v_{myelinated} > v_{unmyelinated}$

Question 12

Which structure in the synovial joint is responsible for producing synovial fluid?

Accepted Answer

Synovial membrane

Question 13

A patient with multiple sclerosis is experiencing slowed nerve conduction. Which equation best represents the relationship between myelin and conduction velocity?

Accepted Answer

$v \propto 	ext{myelin thickness}$

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct sequence of structures from superficial to deep in a skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Epimysium → Perimysium → Endomysium

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the Z disc in the sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

It anchors thin filaments and marks the boundary between adjacent sarcomeres

Question 16

Which ligament is NOT typically found stabilizing the knee joint?

Accepted Answer

Radial collateral ligament (RCL)

Question 17

Which of the following statements about unmyelinated axons is correct?

Accepted Answer

They conduct impulses more slowly because every part of the membrane must be depolarized

Question 18

Which anatomical feature is found on the scapula and serves as the attachment site for the biceps brachii muscle?

Accepted Answer

Coracoid process

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of articular cartilage in a synovial joint?

Accepted Answer

It absorbs shock and reduces friction between bones

Question 20

If a muscle fiber shortens by 20% during contraction, which equation best represents the change in sarcomere length ($L_{initial}$ to $L_{final}$)?

Accepted Answer

$L_{final} = L_{initial} 	imes 0.8$

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Bones, Joints, Muscles, and Nervous Tissue

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