Question 1

A patient is diagnosed with a blockage in the pulmonary trunk. Which of the following best describes the immediate effect on blood flow?

Accepted Answer

Deoxygenated blood will be unable to reach the lungs for oxygenation.

Question 2

Which of the following correctly traces the pathway of blood from the left ventricle to the right hand?

Accepted Answer

Left ventricle → aorta → aortic arch → brachiocephalic trunk → right subclavian artery → axillary artery → brachial artery → radial/ulnar arteries

Question 3

A patient suffers a myocardial infarction (heart attack) due to a blockage in a coronary artery. Which pathway best describes how blood normally supplies the myocardium?

Accepted Answer

Left ventricle → aorta → coronary arteries → myocardium → cardiac veins → coronary sinus → right atrium

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the pathway of air from the external environment to the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Nose → pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli

Question 5

A patient has a blockage in the left common iliac artery. Which of the following structures would most likely experience reduced blood flow?

Accepted Answer

Left femoral artery

Question 6

Which of the following correctly traces the pathway of filtrate from the glomerulus to the urethra?

Accepted Answer

Glomerulus → glomerular capsule → proximal convoluted tubule → loop of Henle → distal convoluted tubule → collecting duct → minor calyx → major calyx → renal pelvis → ureter → bladder → urethra

Question 7

A patient is unable to properly absorb nutrients due to a disease affecting the jejunum. Which system and structure are primarily involved?

Accepted Answer

Digestive system; small intestine

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the pathway of sperm from the testis to the external environment during ejaculation?

Accepted Answer

Testis → epididymis → vas deferens → ejaculatory duct → urethra → out

Question 9

A patient with a damaged mitral (bicuspid) valve would most likely experience backflow of blood into which chamber?

Accepted Answer

Left atrium

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the pathway of oxygen from the alveoli to the tissues?

Accepted Answer

Alveoli → pulmonary capillaries → pulmonary veins → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta → arteries → tissues

Question 11

A patient has a clot in the superior vena cava (SVC). Which of the following is the most immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

Reduced venous return from the upper body to the right atrium

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the pathway of food from the mouth to the anus?

Accepted Answer

Mouth → pharynx → esophagus → stomach → duodenum → jejunum → ileum → cecum → ascending colon → transverse colon → descending colon → sigmoid colon → rectum → anus

Question 13

A patient with a blocked external iliac vein in the right leg would have impaired venous return to the heart. Which of the following best traces the normal pathway of venous blood from the lower limb to the right atrium?

Accepted Answer

Tibial vein → popliteal vein → femoral vein → external iliac vein → common iliac vein → inferior vena cava → right atrium

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the pathway of an ovum from ovulation to exit from the body?

Accepted Answer

Ovary → uterine tube (fallopian tube) → uterus → cervix → vagina → out

Question 15

A patient with a tracheal obstruction would have difficulty with which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

Airflow from the larynx to the bronchi

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between cardiac output, heart rate, and stroke volume?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Cardiac Output} = 	ext{Heart Rate} 	imes 	ext{Stroke Volume}$$

Question 17

A patient with kidney stones blocking the ureter would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Urine accumulation in the renal pelvis and possible hydronephrosis

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the principle of complementarity as it applies to the alveoli in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

The thin walls and large surface area of alveoli facilitate efficient gas exchange.

Question 19

A patient with liver failure is unable to produce bile. Which digestive process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Emulsification of dietary fats in the small intestine

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Cardiovascular, Blood Vessels, Respiratory, Urinary, Digestive, and Reproductive Systems

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards