Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a cell?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a barrier between the cell and its external environment, controlling the movement of substances in and out.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing muscle weakness due to a defect in the cytoskeleton. Which component is most likely affected if intracellular transport of materials is impaired?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

When blood glucose rises, insulin is secreted to lower it back to normal.

Question 4

Which organelle is responsible for post-translational processing and packaging of proteins into vesicles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 5

A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Lose water and shrink

Question 6

Which of the following reactions is anabolic and requires an input of energy?

Accepted Answer

Condensation

Question 7

According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Energy can change form but the total amount remains constant in a closed system.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in cellular reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes decrease the activation energy, speeding up reactions.

Question 9

During aerobic cellular respiration, what is the net gain of ATP molecules from glycolysis per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

Accepted Answer

Color of the enzyme

Question 11

A cell uses the sodium-potassium pump to move ions against their concentration gradients. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen has a high affinity for electrons, allowing it to accept electrons and form water.

Question 13

Which type of intercellular junction is most common in epithelial tissue specialized for molecular transport and forms a nearly impermeable barrier?

Accepted Answer

Tight junction

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about lipophilic chemical messengers?

Accepted Answer

They dissolve in plasma and bind to carrier proteins for transport.

Question 15

If a cell is exposed to high concentrations of a chemical messenger for a prolonged period, what is the most likely cellular response?

Accepted Answer

Down-regulation of receptors

Question 16

Which of the following best describes secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

It relies on energy released from one molecule moving down its gradient to transport another molecule against its gradient.

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the movement of water across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is unaffected by membrane proteins.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of mitochondria in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Site of aerobic cellular respiration, producing ATP

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about gap junctions?

Accepted Answer

They allow ions and molecules to move directly between adjacent cells.

Question 20

A scientist measures the total ATP produced from one glucose molecule during aerobic respiration. What is the expected value?

Accepted Answer

$$38$$

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Cell Types, Organ Systems, Metabolism, and Membrane Transport (Chapters 1-5)

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