Question 1

Which of the following best describes homeostasis in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.

Question 2

Which two organ systems are primarily responsible for maintaining homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Nervous and endocrine systems

Question 3

Which of the following is a synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$A + B \rightarrow AB$

Question 4

A solution has a pH of 3. Which of the following best describes this solution?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about water is correct?

Accepted Answer

Water is a polar molecule, allowing it to dissolve many substances.

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

$A$ pairs with $T$, $C$ pairs with $G$

Question 7

A patient is given intravenous fluids that are isotonic to their blood plasma. What effect will this have on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The red blood cells will remain unchanged in size.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of enzymes in the body?

Accepted Answer

They speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct description of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules across a membrane via a protein channel, down their concentration gradient, without energy input.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cutaneous membrane?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones for metabolism

Question 11

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for cell division and regeneration?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between an organic and an inorganic molecule?

Accepted Answer

Organic molecules contain carbon-hydrogen bonds; inorganic molecules do not.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the hypodermis?

Accepted Answer

Insulation and energy storage

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It actively transports $3$ Na$^+$ ions out of the cell and $2$ K$^+$ ions into the cell using ATP.

Question 15

Which of the following is a property of a phospholipid that is crucial for cell membrane structure?

Accepted Answer

It has a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails, allowing formation of a bilayer.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transcription, then translation

Question 17

Which of the following best describes osmosis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the synovial membrane?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of synovial fluid to lubricate joints

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose and thymine; RNA contains ribose and uracil.

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Foundations, Cells, Membranes, and Skin

Study Guide - Practice Questions