Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an organ and an organ system?

Accepted Answer

An organ is a group of similar cells performing a specific function, while an organ system is a group of organs working together for a common purpose.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a component of the plasma membrane according to the Fluid Mosaic Model?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 3

A patient is experiencing muscle cramps due to an imbalance in extracellular fluid. Which type of solution is most likely responsible for causing cells to shrink?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic solution

Question 4

Which feedback system is responsible for maintaining blood glucose levels after a meal?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback system

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of histology?

Accepted Answer

The study of tissues and their microscopic structure

Question 6

A cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. What type of solution is this?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic solution

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the process of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 2\mathrm{NAD}^+ + 2\mathrm{ADP} + 2\mathrm{P}_i \rightarrow 2\mathrm{C}_3\mathrm{H}_4\mathrm{O}_3 + 2\mathrm{NADH} + 2\mathrm{ATP} + 2\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating transport of molecules across the membrane

Question 9

Which process is responsible for the movement of oxygen from the alveoli into the blood?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands secrete substances through ducts to an epithelial surface.

Question 11

A biopsy reveals a tissue sample with tightly packed cells, little extracellular matrix, and avascularity. Which tissue type is most likely being observed?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication $\rightarrow$ transcription $\rightarrow$ translation

Question 13

Which of the following cell junctions prevents the passage of substances between adjacent cells in the intestinal epithelium?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 14

A patient has a genetic disorder affecting collagen production. Which tissue type will be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of lysosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Digesting and recycling cellular waste

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells, while meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid cells.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of the anatomical position?

Accepted Answer

Standing upright, facing forward, arms at the sides with palms facing forward

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the role of selective permeability in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It allows certain molecules to pass while restricting others, maintaining homeostasis.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins for secretion or membrane insertion

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with osteoporosis, a condition affecting bone density. Which structure in bone is most directly involved in the formation of new bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Human Body Organization, Cells, and Tissues

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards