Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of homeostasis in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

The maintenance of a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment.

Question 2

A patient presents with cyanosis, which is a bluish discoloration of the skin. What is the most likely underlying physiological cause?

Accepted Answer

Decreased oxygenation of hemoglobin in the blood.

Question 3

Which of the following correctly matches a type of epithelial tissue with its location and function?

Accepted Answer

Stratified squamous epithelium: found in the skin; protects against mechanical stress.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct example of a negative feedback loop in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose by insulin and glucagon.

Question 5

A neuron receives an electrical signal at its dendrites and sends it away via its axon. Which part of the neuron is responsible for transmitting the signal away from the cell body?

Accepted Answer

Axon

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the arrector pili muscle in the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Contracts to cause hair to stand upright, producing 'goosebumps'.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct description of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of protein fibers and ground substance, providing structural support.

Question 8

A burn patient presents with damage extending through the epidermis and into the dermis, with blistering but intact pain sensation. What degree of burn is this?

Accepted Answer

Second-degree burn

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why third-degree burns are not initially painful?

Accepted Answer

The burn destroys nerve endings in the affected area, preventing pain sensation.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct example of a physiological gradient in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The movement of sodium ions from high concentration outside the cell to low concentration inside the cell.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the cutaneous membrane?

Accepted Answer

Acts as a barrier to protect underlying tissues from pathogens and dehydration.

Question 12

Which of the following correctly matches a connective tissue type with its defining feature?

Accepted Answer

Reticular tissue: forms a supportive network in lymphoid organs.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about melanin is correct?

Accepted Answer

Melanin is produced by melanocytes and protects against UV radiation.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of the basement membrane?

Accepted Answer

A thin, fibrous structure that anchors epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between thick skin and thin skin?

Accepted Answer

Thick skin has a thicker stratum corneum and lacks hair follicles and sebaceous glands.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the function of vitamin D synthesis in the skin?

Accepted Answer

It is essential for calcium absorption and bone health.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of a positive feedback loop?

Accepted Answer

Amplification of uterine contractions during childbirth by oxytocin release.

Question 18

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between concentration gradient and diffusion rate?

Accepted Answer

$D = k 	imes (C_1 - C_2)$

Question 19

Which of the following correctly describes the function of sebum?

Accepted Answer

Sebum lubricates and waterproofs the skin and hair.

Question 20

A patient with albinism lacks melanin in their skin. Which of the following is a direct consequence of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Increased sensitivity to UV radiation and higher risk of skin cancer.

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Intro, Histology, and Integumentary System

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards