Question 1

Which of the following best describes the anatomical position?

Accepted Answer

Standing upright, facing forward, arms at the sides with palms facing forward, feet slightly apart.

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with diabetes insipidus, a disorder affecting water balance in the body. Which organ system is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine system

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct definition of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a component of the homeostatic mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Receptor protein

Question 5

A person is exposed to cold weather. Their body responds by shivering to generate heat. Which type of feedback is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 6

Given the atomic number $Z = 8$ and atomic mass $A = 16$ for oxygen, how many neutrons does a neutral oxygen atom have?

Accepted Answer

$8$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Question 9

A solution has a higher concentration of solutes than the cell placed in it. What type of solution is this, and what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic; the cell will shrink.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins.

Question 11

Which of the following is the backbone of DNA made of?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate and deoxyribose sugar

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct example of a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Bond between hydrogen and oxygen in water ($H_2O$)

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules are polar and can surround and separate ions.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of the protein path from synthesis to secretion?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus → ribosome → rough ER → Golgi apparatus → plasma membrane

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between active and passive transport?

Accepted Answer

Active transport requires energy and moves substances against their concentration gradient; passive transport does not require energy and moves substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 16

A patient has a blood pH of 7.1. Which feedback mechanism will be activated to restore homeostasis, and what is the set point range for normal blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback; $7.35 - 7.45$

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of a dehydration reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which water is removed to form a bond.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of lipids in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Forming the structural component of cell membranes

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Key Concepts and Practice Questions

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