Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the principle of complementarity of structure and function in human anatomy?

Accepted Answer

The thin walls of alveoli in the lungs facilitate rapid gas exchange.

Question 2

A molecule of water ($H_2O$) is smaller than a macromolecule of DNA. Which organelle contains DNA in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT one of the 11 organ systems of the human body?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic system

Question 4

Which element makes up approximately 96% of the human body?

Accepted Answer

A combination of oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the structure of an atom?

Accepted Answer

A nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in orbitals

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback mechanism in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Blood clotting after injury

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the dissociation of water into hydrogen and hydroxide ions?

Accepted Answer

$H_2O \rightarrow H^+ + OH^-$

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct comparison between passive and active transport across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Passive transport does not require energy, while active transport requires ATP.

Question 9

Which type of macromolecule is the primary component of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Question 10

Which of the following cell junctions allows water and small molecules to move out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 11

Which equation best describes the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

$pH = -\log_{10}[H^+]$

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of enzymes in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

Question 13

Which of the following is a polymer, and what is its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein; amino acid

Question 14

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 15

During mitosis, which phase is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It is maintained by the sodium-potassium pump, which moves $3 Na^+$ out and $2 K^+$ in, creating a negative charge inside the cell.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a major classification of tissue in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Glandular tissue

Question 18

Which type of epithelial tissue lines the air sacs of the lungs and is specialized for rapid diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 19

Which connective tissue type is characterized by a matrix rich in collagen fibers and is found in tendons?

Accepted Answer

Dense regular connective tissue

Question 20

Which of the following lists the three steps of tissue repair in the correct order?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation, organization, regeneration

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Key Concepts and Chapter Objectives

Study Guide - Practice Questions