Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between simple diffusion and active transport across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient without energy input, while active transport moves substances against their gradient using ATP.

Question 2

A neuron has a resting membrane potential (RMP) of $$-70\ \mathrm{mV}. $$Which of the following best explains how the RMP is established?

Accepted Answer

The RMP is established by the sodium-potassium pump actively transporting $$3\ \mathrm{Na}^+$$ out and $$2\ \mathrm{K}^+ in$$, and by potassium leak channels allowing $$\mathrm{K}^+ to $$diffuse out.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Transmission of electrical impulses

Question 4

During cellular respiration, which step produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of NADH and FADH$$_2 in $$cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

They carry electrons to the electron transport chain, where their energy is used to generate ATP.

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with a defect in tight junctions between epithelial cells. Which of the following symptoms would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled passage of substances between cells

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why stratified squamous epithelium is found in the skin?

Accepted Answer

It provides protection against abrasion and pathogens.

Question 8

Which connective tissue type is most likely to be found in tendons and ligaments?

Accepted Answer

Dense regular connective tissue

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It requires ATP to function.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of microvilli on epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Increase surface area for absorption

Question 11

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 12

A muscle cell is observed to have striations and intercalated discs. Which type of muscle tissue is this?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water from low solute concentration to high solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the mitochondria in a human cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP production through aerobic respiration

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of gap junctions in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

Allow direct electrical and chemical communication between adjacent cells

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis $$\rightarrow$$ Citric Acid Cycle $$\rightarrow$$ Electron Transport Chain

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the 'energy currency' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in its phosphate bonds, which can be released to power cellular processes.

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of pseudostratified epithelium?

Accepted Answer

Cells appear layered due to varying positions of nuclei, but all cells touch the basement membrane.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of desmosomes?

Accepted Answer

Anchor adjacent cells together to resist mechanical stress

Question 20

Which of the following best explains the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands secrete substances into ducts.

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Membrane Transport, Cellular Respiration, and Tissue Types

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