Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion requires membrane proteins to assist the movement of molecules, while simple diffusion does not.

Question 2

A neuron has a resting membrane potential (RMP) of $$-70\ \mathrm{mV}. $$Which of the following factors most directly contributes to the establishment of this RMP?

Accepted Answer

The activity of the sodium-potassium pump ($$3\ \mathrm{Na}^+$$ out, $$2\ \mathrm{K}^+ in) $$and selective permeability of the membrane to potassium ions.

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why osmosis is considered a type of passive transport?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis involves the movement of water down its concentration gradient without the use of cellular energy.

Question 4

A patient is given a drug that blocks the sodium-potassium pump. What is the most likely immediate effect on the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose its ability to maintain its resting membrane potential, leading to a gradual loss of ion gradients.

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis $$\rightarrow$$ Citric Acid Cycle $$\rightarrow$$ Electron Transport Chain

Question 6

During aerobic cellular respiration, how many ATP molecules are produced from one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$36 to$$ $$38$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of NADH and FADH$$_2 in $$the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

They donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which leads to the production of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 8

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 9

A mutation occurs in a cell that prevents the formation of tight junctions. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Increased permeability between adjacent cells, allowing substances to leak through.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of microvilli on epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area for absorption.

Question 11

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Striations and intercalated discs for synchronized contraction.

Question 12

Which type of epithelial tissue is best suited for diffusion and filtration due to its thin, flat cells?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 13

Which connective tissue type contains a liquid matrix and is responsible for transporting nutrients, gases, and wastes throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Blood

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of desmosomes in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

They anchor adjacent cells together, providing mechanical strength.

Question 15

Which gland type releases its secretion by exocytosis without losing any part of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Merocrine gland

Question 16

A patient with a genetic defect in collagen synthesis would most likely have problems with which tissue type?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the basement membrane in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

It anchors the epithelium to underlying connective tissue and regulates exchange of materials.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct order of the stages of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Prophase $$\rightarrow$$ Metaphase $$\rightarrow$$ Anaphase $$\rightarrow$$ Telophase

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why stratified squamous epithelium is found in areas subject to abrasion, such as the skin?

Accepted Answer

Its multiple layers provide protection against physical and chemical stress.

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Membrane Transport, Cellular Respiration, Cell Structure, and Tissue Types

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