Question 1

Which of the following best describes saltatory conduction in myelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

The action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next, increasing conduction velocity.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing slow pain transmission. Which type of nerve fiber is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Group C fibers, which are small, unmyelinated, and have the slowest conduction velocity.

Question 3

Which of the following is a characteristic of a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft.

Question 4

What terminates the effects of neurotransmitters at a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

Enzymatic degradation, reuptake into the presynaptic neuron, or diffusion away from the synaptic cleft.

Question 5

Which neurotransmitter is classified as a biogenic amine and is primarily excitatory?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Question 6

A postsynaptic neuron receives multiple inputs that cause depolarization. If these inputs arrive simultaneously at different locations, what is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Spatial summation

Question 7

Which of the following best describes an EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic potential)?

Accepted Answer

A depolarization that increases the likelihood of an action potential.

Question 8

In a diverging circuit, what is the primary function?

Accepted Answer

To amplify a signal by spreading it to multiple neurons.

Question 9

Which of the following is true about electrical synapses?

Accepted Answer

They allow direct flow of ions through gap junctions, enabling rapid transmission.

Question 10

A reflex arc is an example of which type of neural processing?

Accepted Answer

Serial processing

Question 11

Which neurotransmitter is classified as an amino acid and is primarily inhibitory in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

Question 12

In a converging circuit, what is the result of multiple presynaptic neurons synapsing onto a single postsynaptic neuron?

Accepted Answer

Integration of information from various sources.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the discharge zone in a neuronal pool?

Accepted Answer

Neurons that receive enough input to reach threshold and generate action potentials.

Question 14

A patient is given a drug that blocks acetylcholine reuptake. What effect will this have at the synapse?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine will remain in the synaptic cleft longer, prolonging its effect.

Question 15

Which circuit pattern is most likely to be involved in rhythmic activities such as breathing?

Accepted Answer

Reverberating circuit

Question 16

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between conduction velocity ($$v$$), axon diameter ($$d$$), and myelination?

Accepted Answer

$$v = k \cdot \sqrt{d}$$, where $$k is a $$constant and myelination increases $$k$$

Question 17

Which mechanism is used by inhibitory neurotransmitters to produce an IPSP?

Accepted Answer

Opening of potassium or chloride channels, causing hyperpolarization.

Question 18

In parallel afterdischarge circuits, what is the effect on the postsynaptic neuron?

Accepted Answer

A prolonged burst of impulses due to different pathways converging at different times.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes temporal summation?

Accepted Answer

Repeated inputs from a single presynaptic neuron in rapid succession.

Question 20

Which neurotransmitter is classified as a peptide and is involved in pain modulation?

Accepted Answer

Substance P

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Nervous System Concepts

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