Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is organized into osteons (Haversian systems), while spongy bone consists of a network of trabeculae.

Question 2

Which cell type is primarily responsible for bone resorption during bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 3

A patient suffers a fracture in the shaft of the femur. Which part of the bone is affected?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Question 4

During endochondral ossification, which sequence correctly describes the process?

Accepted Answer

Bone collar formation → cartilage calcification → periosteal bud invasion → medullary cavity formation

Question 5

Which equation best represents the calculation of bone density ($$D) $$given mass ($$m) $$and volume ($$V$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$D = \frac{m}{V}$$

Question 6

A child presents with bowed legs and delayed closure of fontanelles. Which bone disorder is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 7

Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Sternum

Question 8

Which structure allows for the passage of the spinal cord through the vertebral column?

Accepted Answer

Vertebral foramen

Question 9

A patient has a fracture at the surgical neck of the humerus. Which bone marking is closest to this site?

Accepted Answer

Greater tubercle

Question 10

Which directional term describes a structure closer to the midline of the body?

Accepted Answer

Medial

Question 11

Which joint type allows for the greatest range of motion?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket

Question 12

Which movement is described by decreasing the angle between two bones at a joint?

Accepted Answer

Flexion

Question 13

A patient is unable to abduct their arm at the shoulder. Which joint is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Glenohumeral joint

Question 14

Which ligament is crucial for stabilizing the knee joint during extension?

Accepted Answer

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

Question 15

Which bone is NOT part of the shoulder girdle?

Accepted Answer

Sternum

Question 16

Which equation correctly calculates the total number of phalanges in both hands?

Accepted Answer

$$5 	imes 2 + 4 	imes 3$$

Question 17

A patient presents with a comminuted fracture. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

The bone is broken into three or more fragments.

Question 18

Which bone forms the heel of the foot?

Accepted Answer

Calcaneus

Question 19

Which of the following is a synovial joint?

Accepted Answer

Hinge joint

Question 20

A patient has difficulty opening their mouth due to joint pain. Which joint is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Skeletal System and Articulations

Study Guide - Practice Questions