Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the epiphyseal plate in a growing long bone?

Accepted Answer

It is the region responsible for longitudinal growth of the bone through endochondral ossification.

Question 2

A patient presents with bowed legs and delayed growth. Laboratory tests reveal a deficiency in a vitamin necessary for calcium absorption. Which condition is most likely, and which vitamin is deficient?

Accepted Answer

Rickets; Vitamin D

Question 3

Which of the following statements about compact and spongy bone is correct?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is organized into osteons, while spongy bone contains trabeculae.

Question 4

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 5

During the repair of a bone fracture, which step immediately follows the formation of a fibrocartilaginous (soft) callus?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a bony (hard) callus

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of the periosteum in bone?

Accepted Answer

It is a connective tissue membrane attached to the diaphysis by perforating (Sharpey's) fibers.

Question 7

Which of the following is true regarding the organization of an osteon?

Accepted Answer

It consists of concentric lamellae surrounding a central canal containing blood vessels and nerves.

Question 8

Which of the following joints is classified as a synovial hinge joint and allows movement primarily in one plane?

Accepted Answer

Elbow joint

Question 9

A patient is unable to abduct their arm at the shoulder. Injury to which group of muscles is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Rotator cuff muscles

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between isometric and isotonic muscle contractions?

Accepted Answer

Isometric contractions generate tension without changing muscle length; isotonic contractions change muscle length.

Question 11

Which of the following ions is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum during excitation-contraction coupling, initiating muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Calcium (Ca\^{2+})

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of myoglobin in muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

It binds and stores oxygen for use during aerobic metabolism.

Question 13

Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Sternum

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the Na\^+/K\^+ pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential of muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 Na\^+ ions out of the cell and 2 K\^+ ions into the cell.

Question 15

Which of the following is a special movement that describes turning the palm upward?

Accepted Answer

Supination

Question 16

Which of the following muscle fiber types is most resistant to fatigue and is specialized for prolonged activities such as maintaining posture?

Accepted Answer

Slow oxidative fibers (Type I)

Question 17

Which of the following bones does NOT articulate with any other bone in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Hyoid

Question 18

Standing on tiptoes is an example of which type of lever in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Second-class lever

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding appositional growth of bone?

Accepted Answer

It increases the diameter of bones and can continue throughout life.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the medial meniscus in the knee joint?

Accepted Answer

It is a pad of fibrocartilage that absorbs shock and improves joint fit.

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards