Question 1

Which type of cartilage provides the greatest tensile strength and resists compression, making it ideal for intervertebral discs?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage

Question 2

A patient presents with a bone fracture where the bone is crushed, most commonly seen in the vertebral column. What type of fracture is this?

Accepted Answer

Compression fracture

Question 3

Which hormone is most important in regulating blood calcium levels under normal physiological conditions?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Question 4

If osteoclasts are more active than osteoblasts in the femur, how will the bone mass of the femur change?

Accepted Answer

Bone mass will decrease

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Integrates sensory information and coordinates responses

Question 6

During the cross bridge cycle in skeletal muscle contraction, which event occurs immediately after ATP binds to myosin?

Accepted Answer

Myosin releases from actin

Question 7

Which type of neuron is responsible for transmitting impulses from receptors in the skin toward the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neuron

Question 8

A child presents with soft, weak bones and bowing of the legs. Which bone disorder is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of satellite cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Surround and support neuron cell bodies in the PNS

Question 10

Which type of membrane ion channel opens when a neurotransmitter binds to it?

Accepted Answer

Chemically gated channel

Question 11

What is the correct order of events for endochondral ossification in long bone development?

Accepted Answer

Bone collar forms, cartilage calcifies, periosteal bud invades, secondary centers appear, epiphyses ossify

Question 12

Which protein blocks the binding sites on actin filaments in a relaxed muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

Tropomyosin

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

Covers the external surface of bones and serves as an attachment point for tendons and ligaments

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the effect of aerobic exercise on skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Increase in muscle endurance and number of capillaries

Question 15

Which structure in compact bone contains blood vessels and nerves and runs parallel to the long axis of the bone?

Accepted Answer

Central (Haversian) canal

Question 16

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between force, cross-sectional area, and muscle tension?

Accepted Answer

$T = \frac{F}{A}$

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the function of nodes of Ranvier in a myelinated axon?

Accepted Answer

They allow saltatory conduction, increasing the speed of action potential propagation

Question 18

A fracture in which the bone breaks incompletely, commonly seen in children, is called:

Accepted Answer

Greenstick fracture

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of osteoblasts?

Accepted Answer

Secrete bone matrix and promote bone formation

Question 20

Which of the following is a major function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Integration of sensory input

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Skeletal, Muscular, and Nervous Systems

Study Guide - Practice Questions