Question 1

Which of the following correctly lists the layers of the epidermis in order from deepest to most superficial in thick skin?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

Question 2

A patient presents with a suspicious mole. Which of the following is NOT part of the ABC's of skin cancer warning signs?

Accepted Answer

Color uniformity

Question 3

Which cell type in the epidermis is primarily responsible for producing the pigment that protects against UV radiation?

Accepted Answer

Melanocytes

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the process of keratinization?

Accepted Answer

The movement of keratinocytes from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum, during which they fill with keratin and die

Question 5

A burn patient has lost the entire epidermis and part of the dermis. Which type of burn does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Second-degree burn

Question 6

Which accessory structure of the integumentary system is responsible for producing an oily substance that lubricates hair and skin?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous gland

Question 7

Which of the following best explains the dimpled appearance of cellulite?

Accepted Answer

Irregular arrangement of collagen fibers and fat deposits pushing up against connective tissue

Question 8

A 65-year-old patient has thinner, less elastic skin with more wrinkles. Which biochemical change in keratin protein is most responsible for this?

Accepted Answer

Decreased cross-linking of keratin fibers

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of Langerhans cells in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Immune surveillance and defense against pathogens

Question 10

A patient with a genetic defect in collagen synthesis is likely to have which of the following skin symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Reduced skin elasticity and increased wrinkling

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine glands secrete a watery, thermoregulatory sweat directly onto the skin surface, while apocrine glands secrete a thicker, odor-producing sweat into hair follicles

Question 12

Which of the following is a likely consequence of decreased melanocyte activity in aging skin?

Accepted Answer

Increased sensitivity to UV radiation

Question 13

A patient presents with a callus on the palm. Which process is most responsible for this adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Increased mitosis in the stratum basale leading to thickening of the stratum corneum

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why elderly individuals are more prone to skin tears and bruising?

Accepted Answer

Decreased collagen and elastin fibers in the dermis

Question 15

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between the rate of water loss ($$R) $$through the skin and the surface area ($$A) $$exposed, assuming all other factors are constant?

Accepted Answer

$$R = k 	imes A$$

Question 16

A patient with a mutation that prevents the formation of desmosomes in the epidermis would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Loss of cohesion between keratinocytes, leading to blistering

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of Merkel cells in the skin?

Accepted Answer

Sensory detection of light touch

Question 18

A patient with excessive sweating on the palms and soles is most likely experiencing overactivity of which type of gland?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine sweat gland

Question 19

Which of the following changes is most likely to occur in both skin and hair during the aging process?

Accepted Answer

Decreased melanin production

Question 20

Which of the following best explains the process of photo-aging in the skin?

Accepted Answer

Chronic exposure to UV radiation leading to DNA damage, breakdown of collagen, and increased risk of skin cancer

Anatomy & Physiology: The Integumentary System Study Guide

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