Question 1

A patient suffers a stroke that damages the precentral gyrus of the left frontal lobe. Which of the following symptoms would most likely result from this injury?

Accepted Answer

Impaired voluntary movement on the right side of the body

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the function of the thalamus in the diencephalon?

Accepted Answer

It is the main relay center for all sensory information except olfaction.

Question 3

A person with damage to the hippocampus would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty forming new long-term memories

Question 4

Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for both facial expressions and the sense of taste?

Accepted Answer

Facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 5

Which structure is the main connection between the right and left cerebral hemispheres, and what is it primarily composed of?

Accepted Answer

Corpus callosum; white matter

Question 6

A patient presents with loss of proprioception and tactile sensation on the left side of the body. Which region of the brain is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Right parietal lobe

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why the sense of smell is unique among the senses?

Accepted Answer

Olfactory signals bypass the diencephalon and connect directly to the cerebrum.

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the ventricular system?

Accepted Answer

Lateral ventricles $$\rightarrow$$ third ventricle $$\rightarrow$$ cerebral aqueduct $$\rightarrow$$ fourth ventricle

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

It integrates motor commands with proprioceptive and vestibular information to maintain balance and posture.

Question 10

A lesion in the inferior colliculi of the midbrain would most likely result in which of the following deficits?

Accepted Answer

Impaired auditory reflexes

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the arachnoid granulations?

Accepted Answer

They absorb cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and return it to blood circulation.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the spinal cord is correct?

Accepted Answer

The anterior horns contain cell bodies of lower motor neurons that send motor signals to skeletal muscles.

Question 13

Which cranial nerve is primarily responsible for hearing and balance?

Accepted Answer

Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

Question 14

A patient is unable to move their tongue and has difficulty swallowing. Which cranial nerve is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the organization of white matter in the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Posterior columns contain ascending tracts, while anterior and lateral columns contain both ascending and descending tracts.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of body temperature, circadian rhythm, and the autonomic nervous system

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why alcohol consumption impairs balance and coordination?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol affects the cerebellum, which integrates motor commands with proprioceptive and vestibular information.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the organization of a peripheral nerve?

Accepted Answer

Each axon is surrounded by endoneurium, fascicles are surrounded by perineurium, and the entire nerve is covered by epineurium.

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the dorsal root ganglion?

Accepted Answer

It contains cell bodies of sensory neurons that transmit information from the periphery to the CNS.

Question 20

A patient has difficulty swallowing and impaired voice production. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Vagus nerve (CN X)

Anatomy of the Nervous System: Central and Peripheral Components

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