Q: Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between hematocrit ($$H$$), red blood cell volume ($$V_{RBC}$$), and total blood volume ($$V_{total}$$)?

$$H = \frac{V_{RBC}}{V_{total}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of albumin in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

It maintains plasma colloid osmotic pressure and serves as a carrier molecule.

Question 2

A patient presents with yellowing of the skin and sclerae. Which organ dysfunction is most likely responsible for this condition, and what is the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Liver dysfunction; accumulation of bilirubin due to impaired excretion.

Question 3

Which plasma protein is NOT produced by the liver?

Accepted Answer

Gamma globulins

Question 4

Aplastic anemia results in pancytopenia. Which of the following best explains the physiological consequences of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Decreased oxygen carrying capacity, compromised immunity, and impaired blood clotting.

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the breakdown of erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Spleen → Liver → Bone marrow

Question 6

Pernicious anemia is caused by a deficiency in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic factor production by the stomach mucosa, leading to impaired vitamin B12 absorption.

Question 7

Which protein is responsible for transporting iron in the bloodstream to the red bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Transferrin

Question 8

A patient living at high altitude develops increased erythropoiesis. Which hormone is primarily responsible for this response, and which organ produces it?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin; produced by the kidneys.

Question 9

Which of the following triggers the release of erythropoietin (EPO)?

Accepted Answer

Hypoxia (low oxygen levels)

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the structural and functional differences between leukocytes and erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Leukocytes contain nuclei and organelles; erythrocytes lack nuclei and organelles.

Question 11

Which process allows white blood cells to exit capillaries and enter tissues during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Diapedesis

Question 12

A neutrophil is most likely to be the first responder to which of the following scenarios?

Accepted Answer

An acute bacterial infection

Question 13

Which type of immunity is provided by B lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

Humoral (antibody-mediated) immunity

Question 14

A patient with thrombocytopenia is at risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous bleeding from small blood vessels

Question 15

Polycythemia can be diagnosed by measuring which of the following parameters?

Accepted Answer

Hematocrit percentage

Question 16

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between hematocrit ($$H$$), red blood cell volume ($$V_{RBC}$$), and total blood volume ($$V_{total}$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$H = \frac{V_{RBC}}{V_{total}} 	imes 100$$

Question 17

A patient with polycythemia is likely to experience which of the following changes in blood properties?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood viscosity and increased blood pressure

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of transferrin?

Accepted Answer

Transports iron in the plasma to the bone marrow for erythropoiesis.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life scenario illustrating positive chemotaxis?

Accepted Answer

A neutrophil following a chemical trail released by damaged cells to reach an infection site.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of embolism?

Accepted Answer

A blood vessel is obstructed by a floating embolus that lodges in a vessel too narrow for it to pass.

ANP College Course Study Guide: Blood, Immunity, and Hemostasis

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