Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses by increasing heart rate and dilating pupils.

Question 2

Where are the cell bodies of preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division located?

Accepted Answer

In the thoracolumbar segments of the spinal cord.

Question 3

Which neurotransmitter is released by preganglionic neurons in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 4

A patient is prescribed a beta blocker. Which physiological effect is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Decreased heart rate due to inhibition of sympathetic stimulation.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the somatic nervous system (SNS)?

Accepted Answer

The ANS regulates involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion, while the SNS controls voluntary movements.

Question 6

Which of the following tissues is NOT innervated by the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle

Question 7

Which type of receptor responds to acetylcholine and is found on postganglionic neurons in both divisions of the ANS?

Accepted Answer

Nicotinic receptor

Question 8

Which structure in the eye is responsible for changing the shape of the lens to focus on near or distant objects?

Accepted Answer

Ciliary muscle

Question 9

A person with myopia has difficulty seeing distant objects clearly. Which anatomical feature causes this condition?

Accepted Answer

The eyeball is too long, causing light to focus in front of the retina.

Question 10

Which cranial nerve is primarily responsible for transmitting taste sensations from the posterior third of the tongue?

Accepted Answer

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of rods in the retina?

Accepted Answer

They detect dim light and are distributed throughout the peripheral retina.

Question 12

Which hormone pathway involves the hypothalamus releasing a hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary, which then releases another hormone to act on a target tissue?

Accepted Answer

Complex endocrine response

Question 13

Which enzyme is activated by a G protein and catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP ($$cAMP$$)?

Accepted Answer

Adenyl cyclase

Question 14

Steroid hormones signal to the inside of a cell by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to intracellular receptors and directly influencing gene expression.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the transfer of sound waves in the ear?

Accepted Answer

Tympanic membrane → auditory ossicles → cochlea

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between protein-based and lipid-based hormones?

Accepted Answer

Protein-based hormones bind to cell surface receptors, while lipid-based hormones bind to intracellular receptors.

Question 17

Which structure is responsible for the production of tears in the eye?

Accepted Answer

Lacrimal gland

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Secreting hormones that regulate the anterior pituitary.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the semicircular canals?

Accepted Answer

Detecting changes in head position and maintaining balance.

Question 20

A hormone binds to a target cell. What must the target cell contain to respond to the hormone?

Accepted Answer

A specific receptor for that hormone.

ANP College Exam Review: Autonomic Nervous System, Sensory Systems, and Endocrine Concepts

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards