Question 1

Which type of cartilage is found at the articular surfaces of long bones, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage; reduces friction and absorbs shock at joints

Question 2

A child suffers a fracture at the epiphyseal plate. Which process is most likely to be disrupted, and what is the main consequence?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial growth; the bone may not lengthen properly

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between interstitial and appositional growth of cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial growth increases cartilage length by division of chondrocytes within; appositional growth increases thickness by adding new matrix at the surface

Question 4

Which cell type is responsible for bone resorption, and what enzyme does it primarily use to break down bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast; acid phosphatase

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the composition of the inorganic portion of bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyapatite crystals composed mainly of $$Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2$$

Question 6

During intramembranous ossification, which bones are primarily formed, and what is the initial tissue replaced?

Accepted Answer

Flat bones of the skull; mesenchymal connective tissue

Question 7

A patient with hyperparathyroidism is likely to experience which of the following effects on bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Increased bone resorption due to elevated parathyroid hormone

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why weight-bearing exercise is recommended for osteoporosis prevention?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical stress stimulates osteoblast activity, leading to increased bone deposition

Question 9

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating bone growth during childhood and adolescence, and how does it act?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone; stimulates epiphyseal plate cartilage proliferation

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct comparison between compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is organized into osteons; spongy bone contains trabeculae with spaces for marrow

Question 11

A patient presents with a bone fracture. Which of the following best describes the sequence of events during bone repair?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, bone remodeling

Question 12

Which of the following bone markings is correctly matched with its description?

Accepted Answer

Fossa: a shallow depression in a bone

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of osteocytes in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They maintain bone matrix and act as mechanosensors

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

It covers the outer surface of bone, contains osteogenic cells, and serves as an attachment point for tendons and ligaments

Question 15

Which of the following bones is classified as an irregular bone?

Accepted Answer

Vertebra

Question 16

Which process is primarily responsible for the formation of the femur during fetal development?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 17

Which of the following best explains the effect of calcitonin on bone homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It decreases osteoclast activity, lowering blood calcium levels

Question 18

A 70-year-old woman is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which of the following best explains the underlying mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Increased bone resorption relative to bone deposition, leading to porous bones

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about bone matrix fibers?

Accepted Answer

Collagen fibers provide tensile strength and are produced by osteoblasts

Question 20

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the role of mechanical stress in bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

A bedridden patient develops bone atrophy due to lack of weight-bearing activity

ANP College Study Guide: Skeletal Cartilage, Bone Tissue, and Bone Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards