Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the principle of complementarity of structure and function in human anatomy?

Accepted Answer

The thin walls of alveoli in the lungs allow for efficient gas exchange.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing a disruption in homeostasis due to a failing negative feedback mechanism. Which scenario best exemplifies this?

Accepted Answer

Body temperature continues to rise uncontrollably during a fever.

Question 3

Which of the following correctly matches a body cavity with the organs it contains?

Accepted Answer

Thoracic cavity – heart and lungs

Question 4

A solution with a pH of 6.0 is how many times more acidic than a solution with a pH of 8.0? Use the formula $$	ext{Difference} = 10$$^{|pH_1 - pH_2|}$$.

Accepted Answer

$$10^{2} = 100$ times more acidic

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium (Na/K) ATPase pump in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 Na$$^+$$ ions out of the cell and 2 K$$^+$$ ions into the cell, using ATP.

Question 6

A red blood cell placed in a hypertonic solution will undergo which process, and why?

Accepted Answer

Crenation, because water moves out of the cell by osmosis.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback mechanism in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Amplification of uterine contractions during childbirth.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A double helix with a sugar-phosphate backbone and base pairs A-T and C-G.

Question 9

During protein synthesis, which process occurs in the nucleus and which in the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Transcription occurs in the nucleus; translation occurs in the cytoplasm.

Question 10

A patient with a blood pH of 7.1 is experiencing which condition, and what is the normal blood pH range?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis; normal range is 7.35–7.45

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the amphipathic nature of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It has hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of the hierarchy of structural organization in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism

Question 13

A patient is unable to digest certain foods due to a deficiency in a specific enzyme. What is the most likely reason for this?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for chemical reactions, so without them, digestion is inefficient.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolic and anabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic reactions break down molecules and release energy; anabolic reactions build molecules and require energy.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It brings specific amino acids to the ribosome based on the mRNA codon sequence.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct pairing of tissue type and its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Muscle tissue – movement

Question 17

A biopsy reveals keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. From which organ was the sample most likely taken?

Accepted Answer

Skin (epidermis)

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in blood?

Accepted Answer

They resist changes in pH by accepting or donating H$$^+$$ ions.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct order of mitosis phases?

Accepted Answer

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 20

A patient presents with swelling, redness, heat, and pain at an injury site. What process is occurring?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation as part of tissue injury and repair

ANP College Study Notes: Human Chapters 1-4 Body Orientation, Chemistry, Cells, and Tissues

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