Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the principle of complementarity of structure and function in human anatomy?

Accepted Answer

The heart is composed of cardiac muscle tissue, which allows it to contract and pump blood.

Question 2

A patient is admitted to the hospital with a dangerously low blood pH of 7.0. Which of the following best describes the body's immediate response to restore homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Buffer systems in the blood will bind excess H$$^+$$ ions to raise the pH.

Question 3

Which of the following organ systems is primarily responsible for the production of hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine system

Question 4

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell and eventually bursts. Which type of solution was the cell placed in, and why did this occur?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic solution; water entered the cell due to osmosis.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between primary and secondary active transport across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport uses ATP directly, while secondary active transport uses the energy stored in concentration gradients.

Question 6

A patient receives an intravenous solution of 0.9% NaCl. What effect does this solution have on the patient's red blood cells, and why is it used clinically?

Accepted Answer

It is isotonic to red blood cells, so cell volume remains unchanged.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in a negative feedback system that regulates blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Blood glucose rises → pancreas detects change → insulin is released → cells take up glucose → blood glucose falls

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy, increasing the rate of chemical reactions.

Question 9

A patient with a genetic mutation cannot produce collagen fibers. Which tissue type would be most directly affected by this condition?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why water is considered the universal solvent in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Its polar nature allows it to dissolve many ionic and polar substances.

Question 11

A cell is observed to have abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Which of the following is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis and secretion of proteins

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between simple and stratified epithelial tissues?

Accepted Answer

Simple epithelia have one layer of cells; stratified epithelia have multiple layers.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the serous membranes lining the ventral body cavity?

Accepted Answer

They secrete fluid to reduce friction between organs.

Question 14

A patient has a mutation that prevents the formation of gap junctions in cardiac muscle. Which of the following would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Impaired electrical communication between cardiac muscle cells

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of translation in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of a polypeptide chain from an mRNA template

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are considered less healthy than unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds and are solid at room temperature, which can contribute to arterial plaque.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a body cavity and one of its major contents?

Accepted Answer

Cranial cavity – brain

Question 18

A patient is unable to produce ATP due to a mitochondrial disorder. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Active transport of ions across the plasma membrane

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the basement membrane in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

It anchors the epithelium to underlying connective tissue.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the chemical reaction: $$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy}$$?

Accepted Answer

It is an exergonic reaction that releases energy during cellular respiration.

ANP Exam 1 Study Guide: Chapters 1-4 (Human Body Orientation, Chemistry, Cells, and Tissues)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards