ANP Exam 2 Review: Integumentary, Skeletal, and Muscular Systems – Guided Study

Q1. Describe the functions of the integumentary system (List 5 functions)

Background

Topic: Integumentary System Functions

This question tests your understanding of the major roles played by the integumentary system in the human body.

Key Terms:

• Protection

• Temperature regulation

• Sensation

• Excretion

• Vitamin D synthesis

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Think about how the skin acts as a barrier to protect the body from physical, chemical, and biological harm.

2. Consider how the skin helps regulate body temperature through sweat and blood flow.

3. Recall how the skin contains sensory receptors for touch, pain, and temperature.

4. Remember that the skin is involved in excreting waste products through sweat.

5. Think about how the skin is involved in the synthesis of vitamin D when exposed to sunlight.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q2. Name the two main layers of the skin

Background

Topic: Skin Structure

This question checks your knowledge of the basic anatomical layers of the skin.

Key Terms:

• Epidermis

• Dermis

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall the outermost layer of the skin, which is composed mainly of epithelial cells.

2. Think about the deeper layer beneath the outer layer, which contains connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q3. Differentiate Subcutaneous membrane from the cutaneous membrane.

Background

Topic: Skin and Associated Layers

This question asks you to distinguish between the cutaneous membrane (skin) and the subcutaneous layer (hypodermis).

Key Terms:

• Cutaneous membrane: Epidermis + Dermis

• Subcutaneous membrane: Also called hypodermis, lies below the dermis

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Define what structures make up the cutaneous membrane.

2. Describe the location and composition of the subcutaneous membrane.

3. Compare their functions and tissue types.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q4. List the strata of epidermis (deep to superficial) for thin skin (4 layers) and thick skin (5 layers).

Background

Topic: Epidermal Layers

This question tests your ability to recall the specific layers of the epidermis and how they differ between thin and thick skin.

Key Terms:

• Stratum basale

• Stratum spinosum

• Stratum granulosum

• Stratum lucidum (only in thick skin)

• Stratum corneum

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. List the layers from deepest to most superficial for thin skin (4 layers).

2. Identify the additional layer present in thick skin (5 layers).

3. Note where thick skin is found (e.g., palms, soles).

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q5. Which stratum contains mitotic cells?

Background

Topic: Epidermal Cell Division

This question focuses on identifying the layer of the epidermis where cell division (mitosis) occurs.

Key Terms:

• Stratum basale (germinativum)

• Mitosis

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall which epidermal layer is responsible for producing new skin cells.

2. Think about the location of this layer relative to the dermis.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q6. Which stratum contains dead cells?

Background

Topic: Epidermal Cell Maturation

This question asks you to identify the outermost layer of the epidermis, which is composed of dead, keratinized cells.

Key Terms:

• Stratum corneum

• Keratinization

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall the process by which epidermal cells move from the deepest to the most superficial layer.

2. Identify the layer where cells are fully keratinized and no longer alive.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!