Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the Stratum Basale in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

It is the primary site of keratinocyte mitosis, generating new skin cells.

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that is red, painful, and blisters are present. According to the classification of burns, which degree of burn does this patient most likely have?

Accepted Answer

Second-degree burn

Question 3

Which pigment is primarily responsible for the yellow to orange coloration of the skin, and where is it most likely to accumulate?

Accepted Answer

Carotene; in the stratum corneum and hypodermis

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the secretion and function of eccrine sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

They secrete a watery solution directly onto the skin surface and are involved in thermoregulation.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with melanoma. According to the ABCD rule for skin cancer, which of the following is NOT part of the rule?

Accepted Answer

Diameter less than 2 mm

Question 7

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs and is best suited for resisting compression?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage

Question 8

Which of the following correctly matches the bone cell with its function?

Accepted Answer

Osteocyte – maintains bone tissue

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer of bones; spongy bone is porous and found at the ends of long bones.

Question 10

During endochondral ossification, which of the following occurs first?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a bone collar around the diaphysis of the hyaline cartilage model

Question 11

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity, and what is the formula for calcium ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); $$[Ca$$^{2+}$$]$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct example of a flat bone?

Accepted Answer

Sternum

Question 13

A 10-year-old child has a fracture at the epiphyseal plate of the femur. Why is this clinically significant?

Accepted Answer

It may impair future bone growth in length.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the composition of the organic part of bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Collagen fibers and ground substance (osteoid)

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

It serves as an attachment point for tendons and ligaments and contains osteogenic cells.

Question 16

A patient with a parathyroid tumor has elevated PTH levels. What effect would this have on their bones and blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Decreased bone density and increased blood $$[Ca$$^{2+}$$]$$

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding friction ridges?

Accepted Answer

They are responsible for fingerprints and enhance grip by increasing friction.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between apocrine and eccrine sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine glands secrete a watery fluid for thermoregulation, while apocrine glands secrete a thicker fluid into hair follicles and are associated with body odor.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct sequence of layers in the epidermis from deepest to most superficial in thick skin?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of calcitonin in calcium homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It decreases blood $$[Ca$$^{2+}$$] by $$inhibiting osteoclast activity.

ANP Study Guide: Integumentary and Skeletal System Review Guidance

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