Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy is the study of body structures, while physiology is the study of how those structures function.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing a rapid drop in blood pressure. Which type of feedback mechanism is most likely to restore homeostasis, and how does it work?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback; it triggers responses that increase blood pressure back toward normal.

Question 3

Which of the following correctly lists the levels of structural organization in the human body from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 4

Which organ system is primarily responsible for transporting nutrients, gases, and wastes throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Circulatory (cardiovascular) system

Question 5

A solution has a pH of 4. Which of the following statements is correct regarding its hydrogen ion concentration $$[H^+]$$?

Accepted Answer

It has a higher $$[H^+]$$ than a solution with pH 7.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between a molecule and a compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together; a compound is a molecule with at least two different elements.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback mechanism in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Blood clotting after a vessel injury

Question 8

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and possibly burst because water moves into the cell.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy and act as biological catalysts.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the sodium-potassium pump ($$Na^+/K^+$$ ATPase) in cells?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to move $$Na^+$$ out of the cell and $$K^+$$ into the cell against their concentration gradients.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a body cavity and a major organ it contains?

Accepted Answer

Cranial cavity – brain

Question 12

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 13

A patient is unable to digest fats properly due to a deficiency in bile production. Which organ system and organ are primarily involved?

Accepted Answer

Digestive system; liver

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

It produces ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assembles ribosome subunits.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of the anatomical position?

Accepted Answer

Standing upright, facing forward, arms at the sides with palms facing forward

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

It has a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms and a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the glycocalyx on the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It plays a role in cell recognition and communication.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature; unsaturated fatty acids are usually liquid.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A fatty acid chain

Question 20

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

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