Question 1

Ashley is examining two microscope slides: one from the esophagus and one from the small intestine. Which of the following features would BEST help her distinguish the slide from the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Presence of simple columnar epithelium with microvilli and villi

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the negative feedback loop involved when you scratch a scratchy label on your shirt?

Accepted Answer

Scratching removes the stimulus (itch), reducing the urge to scratch

Question 3

Pleurisy involves inflammation of the serous membranes of the lungs. What are the names of these two membranes, and what does each line?

Accepted Answer

Visceral pleura lines the lungs; parietal pleura lines the thoracic cavity

Question 4

If excess serous fluid is secreted due to pleurisy, what is the most likely effect on lung function?

Accepted Answer

Excess fluid restricts lung expansion, making breathing more difficult

Question 5

Josue is having surgery on his lower back. Which anatomical plane should the surgeon use to divide the body into superior and inferior parts?

Accepted Answer

Transverse (horizontal) plane

Question 6

A surgeon makes a 5 cm incision in the right tarsal region, deep to the skin but superficial to muscle and bone. Which layers will be cut?

Accepted Answer

Skin, subcutaneous tissue

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the anatomical position?

Accepted Answer

Standing upright, arms at sides, palms facing forward, feet together

Question 8

When describing locations on the upper and lower limbs, which directional terms are used instead of 'superior' and 'inferior', and what do they mean?

Accepted Answer

'Proximal' (closer to the trunk) and 'distal' (farther from the trunk)

Question 9

Which of the following best summarizes the principle of complementarity of structure and function?

Accepted Answer

The structure of a body part determines its function, and vice versa

Question 10

Which of the following is a specific example of the principle of complementarity of structure and function?

Accepted Answer

The flat shape of red blood cells allows them to carry oxygen efficiently

Question 11

Why does bone heal faster than cartilage after an injury?

Accepted Answer

Bone has a rich blood supply, while cartilage is avascular

Question 12

A patient suffers a sprain and a bone fracture. Why is the sprain often considered worse than the break?

Accepted Answer

Ligaments (sprained) have poor blood supply and heal slowly, while bone heals faster due to better vascularization

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the healing process of cartilage after injury?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage heals slowly and often incompletely due to lack of blood vessels

Question 14

Which structural characteristic is unique to cardiac muscle tissue when viewed under a microscope?

Accepted Answer

Striations and intercalated discs

Question 15

Which of the following best distinguishes smooth muscle tissue from skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle cells are spindle-shaped and lack striations

Question 16

A histology slide shows tissue with multiple layers of flat cells and no villi. Which tissue is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus

Question 17

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between structure and function in anatomy?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Function} = f(	ext{Structure})$$

Question 18

A surgeon makes a transverse cut through the lumbar region. Which anatomical terms best describe the area and the resulting body sections?

Accepted Answer

The cut is in the lumbar region, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the order of layers cut during a superficial incision in the right tarsal region?

Accepted Answer

Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue

ANP Study Guide: Tissue Types, Anatomical Planes, Feedback Loops, and More

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