Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of the fibrinolytic system in the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

It breaks down fibrin in blood clots, helping to restore normal blood flow.

Question 2

A patient presents with a blood pH of 7.25 and elevated carbon dioxide levels. Which physiological response is most likely to occur in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Increased respiratory rate to expel excess CO$_2$ and raise blood pH.

Question 3

Which equation correctly relates mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), and peripheral resistance (PR)?

Accepted Answer

$MAP = CO 	imes PR$

Question 4

During the cardiac cycle, which event occurs immediately after ventricular depolarization as seen on an ECG?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular contraction (systole)

Question 5

Which of the following is a major difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic division prepares the body for 'fight or flight', while the parasympathetic division promotes 'rest and digest'.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains the mechanism of capillary exchange in tissues?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water and solutes driven by hydrostatic and osmotic pressures.

Question 7

A patient receives a blood transfusion with mismatched blood types. Which of the following is the most likely immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

Hemolysis due to antigen-antibody reaction.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about cardiac muscle cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle cells are connected by intercalated discs, allowing synchronized contraction.

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct pathway of blood flow through the heart and lungs?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta

Question 10

Which formula correctly calculates cardiac output (CO)?

Accepted Answer

$CO = HR 	imes SV$

Question 11

Which of the following mechanisms is primarily responsible for the short-term regulation of blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Baroreceptor reflexes in the arteries

Question 12

Which type of capillary is most permeable and found in organs such as the liver and spleen?

Accepted Answer

Sinusoidal capillaries

Question 13

A patient with chronic hypertension is found to have increased peripheral resistance. Which vessel type is most responsible for controlling peripheral resistance?

Accepted Answer

Arterioles

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Returning excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream and providing immune defense.

Question 15

Which chemical factor is the most potent stimulus for increasing respiratory rate?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood carbon dioxide (CO$_2$) levels

Question 16

Which of the following events occurs during systole in the cardiac cycle?

Accepted Answer

Ventricles contract and eject blood into the arteries.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Transporting oxygen from the lungs to tissues.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the effect of the Hering-Breuer reflex on respiration?

Accepted Answer

It prevents over-inflation of the lungs by inhibiting inspiration.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the organization of the coronary circulation?

Accepted Answer

Coronary veins drain deoxygenated blood from the myocardium into the right atrium.

ANP1105B: Basic Cellular Physiology & Anatomy of the Cardiovascular, Lymphatic & Respiratory Systems – Syllabus and Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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