Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones such as insulin

Question 2

Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Sternum

Question 3

A bone that is roughly cube-shaped and found in the wrist is best classified as which type of bone?

Accepted Answer

Short bone

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the diaphysis of a long bone?

Accepted Answer

The shaft composed primarily of compact bone

Question 5

Which of the following is a feature unique to flat bones such as those in the skull?

Accepted Answer

A sandwich-like structure with compact bone on the outside and spongy bone in the middle

Question 6

Which bone cell type is primarily responsible for bone resorption, and what hormone increases its activity?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast; parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 7

A patient with osteoporosis is most likely experiencing an imbalance between which two bone cell activities?

Accepted Answer

Increased osteoclast activity and decreased osteoblast activity

Question 8

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between bone mass ($$M$$), bone formation rate ($$F$$), and bone resorption rate ($$R) $$over time?

Accepted Answer

$$M = F - R$$

Question 9

Which hormone would most likely be elevated in a patient with low blood calcium, and what effect does it have on bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); increases bone resorption

Question 10

A 70-year-old woman suffers a hip fracture after a minor fall. Which of the following best explains her increased risk for this injury?

Accepted Answer

Decreased estrogen leads to increased osteoclast activity and bone loss

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a component of the appendicular skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Vertebrae

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of osteoblasts?

Accepted Answer

Synthesize new bone matrix

Question 13

A long bone fracture heals through a process involving several cell types. Which sequence best describes the order of cellular activity during bone repair?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts remove debris, chondrocytes form cartilage, osteoblasts build new bone

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct example of a flat bone?

Accepted Answer

Parietal bone of the skull

Question 15

Which of the following statements about bone tissue is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer of all bones

Question 16

A patient with hyperparathyroidism is likely to experience which of the following skeletal effects?

Accepted Answer

Increased bone resorption leading to weakened bones

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

A dense connective tissue membrane covering the outer surface of bones

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing of bone shape and example?

Accepted Answer

Irregular bone – vertebra

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why osteoporosis is more common in postmenopausal women?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen normally inhibits osteoclast activity; its decline increases bone resorption

Question 20

A 25-year-old athlete suffers a mid-shaft fracture of the femur. Which part of the bone is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Articulations and the Skeletal System: Structure, Function, and Bone Tissue

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