Q: Which of the following equations best represents the balance between bone building and bone recycling?

$\text{Osteoblast~activity} = \text{Osteoclast~activity}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a synarthrosis joint?

Accepted Answer

A joint bound together by fibrous or cartilaginous connections, allowing little or no movement

Question 2

Which type of synarthrosis is found only in the skull and is characterized by bones interlocked and bound by dense fibrous connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Suture

Question 3

A patient presents with pain and swelling in a synovial joint. Which structure is most likely responsible for producing the fluid that lubricates the joint?

Accepted Answer

Synovial membrane

Question 4

Which of the following movements describes moving the sole of the foot medially?

Accepted Answer

Inversion

Question 5

A ball-and-socket joint allows movement in how many planes, and what is an example of this type of joint?

Accepted Answer

3 planes; hip joint

Question 6

Which ligament is responsible for stabilizing the anterior aspect of the vertebral column?

Accepted Answer

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Question 7

A patient suffers a shoulder dislocation. Which muscle group is primarily responsible for stabilizing the shoulder joint?

Accepted Answer

Rotator cuff muscles

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of synovial fluid?

Accepted Answer

Lubricates the joint, absorbs shock, and distributes nutrients

Question 9

Which type of movement occurs when the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomical position?

Accepted Answer

Hyperextension

Question 10

A football player injures his knee and is diagnosed with a torn meniscus. What is the primary function of the meniscus in the knee joint?

Accepted Answer

To cushion and stabilize the joint, providing lateral support

Question 11

Which of the following is a special movement that allows the thumb to touch the tips of the other fingers?

Accepted Answer

Opposition

Question 12

Which joint is classified as a pivot joint and allows rotation only along one axis?

Accepted Answer

Atlantoaxial joint (between C1 and C2 vertebrae)

Question 13

A patient with gouty arthritis has uric acid crystals in the synovial fluid. Which equation best represents the chemical dissociation of uric acid in aqueous solution?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C_5H_4N_4O_3} \rightarrow \mathrm{C_5H_3N_4O_3^-} + \mathrm{H^+}$

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why joint immobilization can lead to arthritis-like changes?

Accepted Answer

It reduces the flow of synovial fluid, decreasing nutrient distribution and lubrication

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of articular cartilage in synovial joints?

Accepted Answer

Producing synovial fluid

Question 16

A patient is unable to move their arm away from the midline of the body. Which movement is impaired?

Accepted Answer

Abduction

Question 17

Which of the following equations best represents the balance between bone building and bone recycling?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Osteoblast~activity} = 	ext{Osteoclast~activity}$

Question 18

Which of the following is a structural classification of joints based on the material binding the bones together?

Accepted Answer

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

Question 19

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for which of the following injuries?

Accepted Answer

Hip fracture

Question 20

Which of the following movements describes a circular motion without rotation, such as moving the arm in a circle?

Accepted Answer

Circumduction

Articulations (Joints): Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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