Q: Which of the following pulmonary function test results is most consistent with asthma in an adult?

$$\text{FEV}_1/\text{FVC} \u003c 0.75$$

Question 1

Which of the following is a hallmark feature of airway remodeling in chronic asthma?

Accepted Answer

Goblet cell enlargement and collagen deposition

Question 2

A 12-year-old patient presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, cough, and chest tightness, especially at night. Pulmonary function testing reveals a post-bronchodilator increase in FEV$$_1 of 15$$% and 250 mL over baseline. Which diagnostic criterion for asthma does this finding best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Reversibility of airflow limitation

Question 3

Which immune cell is primarily responsible for releasing histamine and leukotrienes, leading to bronchial hyper-responsiveness and bronchoconstriction in allergic asthma?

Accepted Answer

Mast cell

Question 4

Which of the following pulmonary function test results is most consistent with asthma in an adult?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{FEV}_1/	ext{FVC} \u003c 0.75$$

Question 5

Which asthma phenotype is most likely to show poor response to inhaled corticosteroids and is associated with neutrophilic inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Non-allergic (low Type 2)

Question 6

A patient with severe asthma is unable to complete full sentences, has tachycardia, and a measured FEV$$_1$$ less than 40% predicted. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Acute severe asthma

Question 7

Which medication class is used to reverse cholinergic-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma management?

Accepted Answer

Anticholinergics

Question 8

Which of the following environmental exposures is most likely to favor the development of the Th2 phenotype and increase the risk of allergic asthma?

Accepted Answer

Widespread use of antibiotics

Question 9

Which of the following is a non-reversible component of chronic asthma?

Accepted Answer

Airway remodeling due to collagen deposition

Question 10

A patient with asthma experiences symptoms that are commonly worse at night and early morning. Which physiological process best explains this pattern?

Accepted Answer

Circadian variation in airway inflammation

Question 11

Which of the following is a key mediator in the pathophysiology of allergic asthma, leading to eosinophil recruitment and airway inflammation?

Accepted Answer

IgE

Question 12

A 35-year-old patient with asthma is prescribed montelukast. What is the mechanism of action of this medication?

Accepted Answer

Leukotriene receptor antagonist

Question 13

Which of the following is most likely to be observed in the airway cross-section of a patient with chronic asthma compared to a healthy individual?

Accepted Answer

Increased smooth muscle mass and goblet cell hyperplasia

Question 14

Which of the following is a protective factor against the development of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Farm living and exposure to livestock

Question 15

A patient with exercise-induced asthma is most likely to have which of the following features?

Accepted Answer

Limited eosinophil involvement

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the variability of lung function in asthma?

Accepted Answer

Lung function varies hour to hour, day to day, and seasonally

Question 17

Which biologic medication targets IgE and is used in the management of severe allergic asthma?

Accepted Answer

Omalizumab

Question 18

A patient with asthma has a FEV$$_1/$$FVC ratio of 0.70 before bronchodilator and 0.82 after administration. What percentage increase in FEV$$_1$$ would indicate significant reversibility?

Accepted Answer

$$\u003e12\%$$

Question 19

Which of the following is most likely to trigger an asthma exacerbation in a genetically predisposed individual?

Accepted Answer

Exposure to cold air and respiratory viral infections

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a typical sign or symptom of acute severe asthma?

Accepted Answer

Ability to speak in full sentences

Asthma: Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation, and Management

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