Mass number $$= \text{number of protons} + \text{number of neutrons}$$

The reaction $$\text{AB} + \text{CD} \rightarrow \text{AD} + \text{CB}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an atom and an ion?

Accepted Answer

An atom has equal numbers of protons and electrons, while an ion has unequal numbers of protons and electrons.

Question 2

A patient’s blood sample shows a pH of 7.2. Which statement best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

The blood is slightly acidic, as pH \u003c 7 is considered acidic.

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the mass number of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Mass number $$= 	ext{number of protons} + 	ext{number of neutrons}$$

Question 4

Which of the following molecules is most likely to dissolve in water?

Accepted Answer

A polar molecule, such as glucose

Question 5

A sodium atom ($$	ext{Na}) $$loses one electron to become a sodium ion ($$	ext{Na}^+). $$What type of ion is formed and what is its charge?

Accepted Answer

A cation with a +1 charge

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why water is considered the universal solvent in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Water dissolves most substances due to its polarity, allowing hydrophilic molecules to interact with it.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are highly specific protein catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

Question 8

A molecule of ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and inorganic phosphate. Which type of chemical reaction is this?

Accepted Answer

Decomposition reaction

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of glycogen in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is a polysaccharide that stores excess glucose in the liver and skeletal muscle.

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is a double-stranded nucleic acid containing deoxyribose sugar and the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.

Question 11

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct example of an exchange reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

The reaction $$	ext{AB} + 	ext{CD} ightarrow 	ext{AD} + 	ext{CB}$$

Question 13

Which property of water allows it to help regulate body temperature during exercise?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about denaturation of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation is usually irreversible and results in loss of protein function due to disruption of its three-dimensional structure.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms

Question 17

Which of the following is a monomer of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid

Question 18

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP is the principal energy-storing molecule used for muscular contraction and synthesis of larger molecules.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct example of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction?

Accepted Answer

Transfer of electrons from one molecule to another

Question 20

Which of the following is true about organic compounds in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Organic compounds always contain carbon and are a good source of energy.

Atoms, Ions, and Molecules: Chemical Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions