Question 1

Which of the following best describes an element as defined in anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

A pure substance made of only one kind of atom; cannot be broken down by chemical means.

Question 2

Which state of matter in the human body is exemplified by blood plasma, and what property does it have?

Accepted Answer

Liquid; has definite volume but takes the shape of its container.

Question 3

Which four elements make up approximately 96.1% of human body mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

Question 4

A molecule of water ($\mathrm{H_2O}$) is held together by which type of chemical bond?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 5

Which subatomic particle is found in the nucleus and has no electrical charge?

Accepted Answer

Neutron

Question 6

A cation is formed when an atom:

Accepted Answer

Loses electrons and becomes positively charged.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a synthesis (anabolic) reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A + B $\rightarrow$ AB

Question 8

Which factor would most likely increase the rate of a chemical reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Adding a catalyst such as an enzyme

Question 9

Which of the following best describes metabolism in the context of human physiology?

Accepted Answer

All chemical reactions in the body, including both building and breaking down processes.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct example of an exchange reaction?

Accepted Answer

AB + CD $\rightarrow$ AD + CB

Question 11

A patient is experiencing difficulty breathing due to low oxygen levels in the lungs. Which state of matter is oxygen in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Gas

Question 12

Which of the following best distinguishes a molecule from a compound?

Accepted Answer

A compound consists of two or more different elements bonded together, while a molecule can be two or more atoms bonded together of the same or different elements.

Question 13

Which type of bond involves the transfer of electrons between atoms, such as in sodium chloride ($\mathrm{NaCl}$)?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 14

Which of the following is true about polar covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared unequally between atoms, creating partial charges.

Question 15

If the concentration of reactants in a metabolic pathway is doubled, what is the expected effect on the reaction rate, assuming all other factors remain constant?

Accepted Answer

The reaction rate will increase.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are important in human metabolism?

Accepted Answer

They act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions without being consumed.

Question 17

A hydrogen bond is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects the rate of chemical reactions in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Color of reactants

Question 19

A patient has a deficiency in nitrogen. Which of the following consequences is most likely, considering nitrogen's role in the body?

Accepted Answer

Reduced ability to build proteins and nucleic acids

Question 20

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a decomposition (catabolic) reaction?

Accepted Answer

AB $\rightarrow$ A + B

Basic Chemistry Concepts for Anatomy & Physiology

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