Question 1

Which subatomic particle determines the atomic number of an element, and what is its charge?

Accepted Answer

Proton; positive charge

Question 2

A neutral atom of sodium (Na) has an atomic number of 11 and a mass number of 23. How many neutrons does it have? Use the formula $$	ext{Number of neutrons} = 	ext{Mass number} - 	ext{Atomic number}.$$

Accepted Answer

12

Question 3

Which of the following best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Question 4

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 5

When sodium (Na) reacts with chlorine (Cl) to form sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium donates one electron to chlorine. What type of bond is formed, and what is the resulting charge on the sodium ion?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond; +1

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why water (H$$_2O) is $$considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

There is an unequal sharing of electrons, resulting in partial charges

Question 7

A solution has a pH of 3. Compared to a solution with a pH of 6, how many times higher is the concentration of hydrogen ions ($$[H^+]) in $$the first solution? Use the formula $$	ext{Difference} = 10$$^{(pH_2 - pH_1)}$$.

Accepted Answer

1000 times higher

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of a buffer system in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It maintains a stable pH by neutralizing acids and bases

Question 9

Which of the following is the monomer for carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide

Question 10

During a dehydration reaction, what is removed from the reactants to form a new bond?

Accepted Answer

A water molecule ($$H_2O)$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy

Question 12

Which of the following is true about acids and bases? (Select the best answer)

Accepted Answer

Acids are hydrogen ion ($$H^+) $$donors

Question 13

Which of the following best describes ATP (adenosine triphosphate)?

Accepted Answer

A molecule that stores and provides energy for cellular processes

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct chemical formula for a compound made of two elements?

Accepted Answer

CO$$_2$$

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why sodium ions (Na$$^+) $$and chloride ions (Cl$$^-) $$are attracted to each other in salt (NaCl)?

Accepted Answer

They have opposite charges

Question 16

Which of the following is the smallest stable unit of matter that still maintains its characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Atom

Question 17

Which subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Protons and neutrons

Question 18

If a chlorine atom gains one electron, what is the resulting charge and what is this ion called?

Accepted Answer

Negative; anion

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that removes water to form a new bond

Question 20

Which group of organic molecules is characterized by a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base, and a sugar known as ribose?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Basic Chemistry Concepts for Anatomy & Physiology

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