Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why water is considered a universal solvent in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules have a slight charge difference, allowing them to dissolve many ionic and polar substances.

Question 2

A patient’s blood pH is measured at 7.2. According to the pH scale, this patient’s blood is:

Accepted Answer

Acidic

Question 3

Which of the following ions is classified as an electrolyte and is essential for nerve impulse transmission?

Accepted Answer

Potassium ($$\mathrm{K^+})$$

Question 4

If an atom loses an electron, what is the resulting charge and what is the term for this ion?

Accepted Answer

Positive charge; cation

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by sharing electrons between atoms

Question 6

Which inorganic compound is an exception and contains carbon?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide ($$\mathrm{CO_2$})$$

Question 7

A solution has a high concentration of $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ ions. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a low pH.

Question 8

Which of the following is a polysaccharide found in animals and serves as an energy storage molecule?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 9

Which type of lipid is formed when glycerol combines with three fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Triglyceride

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage as the main source

Question 11

Which nucleic acid contains the bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Question 12

What is the correct formula for the dissociation of hydrochloric acid in water?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{HCl} \rightarrow \mathrm{H^+} + \mathrm{Cl^-}$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of ATP in cells?

Accepted Answer

Powers cellular activities by providing usable energy

Question 14

Which of the following is a disaccharide formed by covalently bonding two monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct representation of the ATP hydrolysis reaction that releases energy?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i}$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of nucleic acids in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Storing and transmitting genetic information

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

Glycerol backbone, two fatty acids, and a phosphate head group

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the pH scale?

Accepted Answer

A pH above 7 is considered alkaline.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of lipids in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Providing padding and insulation

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between organic and inorganic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Organic compounds always contain carbon atoms covalently bonded, while inorganic compounds usually lack covalently bonded carbon.

Basic Chemistry Concepts for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions