Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure of an atom as it relates to human anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

The nucleus contains protons and neutrons, while electrons orbit the nucleus.

Question 2

A sodium atom (Na) loses one electron to become Na$$^+. $$What type of ion is formed, and what is its charge?

Accepted Answer

A cation with a positive charge

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of an inorganic compound that contains carbon?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide ($$CO_2)$$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a universal solvent in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Water's polar nature allows it to dissolve many ionic and polar substances.

Question 5

A solution has a pH of 5. Which of the following statements is correct regarding this solution?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic and has a high concentration of $$H^+$$ ions.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between organic and inorganic substances in the body?

Accepted Answer

Organic substances always contain carbon atoms, while inorganic substances usually lack carbon atoms.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct example of a disaccharide and its components?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose, made from glucose and fructose

Question 8

A patient is found to have a blood pH of 7.2. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

The blood is acidic, indicating excess $$H^+$$ ions.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of ATP in human cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for cellular activities by releasing a phosphate group.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why sodium chloride ($$NaCl) $$dissolves easily in water?

Accepted Answer

Water is polar and stabilizes the separated $$Na^+$$ and $$Cl^-$$ ions.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Acting as enzymes to speed up chemical reactions

Question 13

A molecule with the formula $$C_{6}H$$_{12}$$O_{6}$ is classified as which type of organic substance?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Buffers help maintain a stable pH by neutralizing excess acids or bases.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a nucleic acid and its building blocks?

Accepted Answer

RNA – nucleotides

Question 16

A patient is given an intravenous solution containing potassium chloride ($$KCl). $$Which ions are being supplied to the patient’s body?

Accepted Answer

$$K^+$$ and $$Cl^-$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the relationship between amino acids and proteins?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, which are formed by peptide bonds.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of a base in aqueous solution?

Accepted Answer

A base decreases the concentration of $$H^+$$ ions and/or increases $$OH^-$$ ions.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why carbon is essential in organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon atoms can form four covalent bonds, allowing for complex molecules.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct example of a polysaccharide and its biological role?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen, which stores energy in animals

Basic Chemistry for Anatomy & Physiology: Atoms, Ions, Bonds, and Biomolecules

Study Guide - Practice Questions