Question 1

Which subatomic particle is responsible for the positive charge in the nucleus of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Proton

Question 2

A sodium atom ($$\mathrm{Na}) $$loses one electron to become a sodium ion. What is the charge and classification of this ion?

Accepted Answer

Positive; cation

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 4

Water ($$\mathrm{H_2O}) is $$considered a universal solvent. Which property of water allows it to dissolve many ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Its polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds

Question 5

A solution has a pH of 5. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a higher concentration of $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ ions than $$\mathrm{OH^-}$$ ions.

Question 6

Which of the following is a polysaccharide used for energy storage in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Cellular energy storage

Question 8

Which of the following correctly matches the building blocks with their macromolecule?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotides — Nucleic acids

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid found in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate 'head' (polar) and two fatty acid 'tails' (nonpolar)

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct formula for a carbohydrate with $$n$$ carbon atoms?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_nH_{2n}O_n}$$

Question 11

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains thymine, while RNA contains uracil.

Question 12

A buffer solution in the body helps maintain pH by neutralizing excess acids or bases. Which equation best represents the neutralization reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{H^+ + OH^- \rightarrow H_2O}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cells?

Accepted Answer

Provides energy for cellular activities by breaking high-energy phosphate bonds

Question 14

Which of the following ions is most important for nerve impulse transmission?

Accepted Answer

Potassium ($$\mathrm{K^+})$$

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why water has a high heat capacity and helps maintain body temperature?

Accepted Answer

Water forms hydrogen bonds, which require more energy to break.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of a base in terms of its effect on $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ concentration?

Accepted Answer

A base decreases $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ concentration in solution.

Question 17

Which of the following is a disaccharide formed by covalent bonding of two monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose

Question 18

Which of the following is a steroid derived from cholesterol and involved in hormone synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of ATP hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP \rightarrow ADP + P_i} ($$releasing energy)

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a nucleic acid base with its corresponding nucleic acid?

Accepted Answer

Thymine — DNA

Unit 2- Basic Chemistry for Anatomy & Physiology: Structure, Bonds, and Biological Molecules

Study Guide - Practice Questions